Value of intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion kurtosis imaging to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Clinical data of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

	Hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 40)	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 18)	t/χ²	P value
Age	59.95 ± 9.32	61.72 ± 8.17	-0.694	0.490
Sex			12.002	0.001b
Male	35	8
Female	5	10
Size	5.79 ± 3.40	8.25 ± 2.58	-2.891	0.005b
Child-Pugh			2.145	0.143
A	38	15
B	2	3
History of hepatitis			9.908	0.007b
Hepatitis B	25	6
Hepatitis C	5	0
Without	5	12
Laboratory index
Alpha-fetoprotein	32/40	5/18	14.657	0.000b
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9	7/40	11/18	11.031	0.001b
Carcinoembryonic antigen	6/40	5/18	1.319	0.251
Abnormal prothrombin	32/40	3/18	20.808	0.000b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Quantitative variables are expressed as means ± SD. Qualitative variables are expressed as raw numbers; numbers in parentheses are proportions followed by percentages.

Table 2 Comparison of standard apparent diffusion coefficient, imaging intravoxel incoherent motion (pure diffusion coefficient, perfusion fraction, pseudo diffusion coefficient), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (mean diffusion coefficient and mean kurtosis coefficient) parameters between the hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma groups

	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	t value	P value
Standard apparent diffusion coefficient (× 10-3 mm²/second)	1.14 ± 0.23	1.54 ± 0.27	-6.073	0.000b
Pure diffusion coefficient (× 10-3 mm²/second)	1.23 ± 0.24	1.52 ± 0.38	-3.70	0.000b
Perfusion fraction (× 10-3)	190.45 ± 121.71	167.05 ± 89.24	0.773	0.443
Pseudo diffusion coefficient (× 10-3 mm²/second)	87.15 ± 55.83	49.90 ± 11.15	1.405	0.165
Mean kurtosis coefficient (× 10-3 mm²/second)	706.48 ± 204.62	605.19 ± 82.23	2.133	0.037a
Mean diffusion coefficient (× 10-3 mm²/second)	1.53 ± 0.39	1.92 ± 0.37	0.686	0.000b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Table 3 Receiver operating characteristic analysis of standard apparent diffusion coefficient, pure diffusion coefficient, mean diffusion coefficient and mean kurtosis coefficient for the prediction and diagnostic performance in the hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma groups

	Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve	Cutoff	Youden index	Sensitivity	Specificity	95%CI
Standard apparent diffusion coefficient	0.874	1.25	0.6239	95	67.39	0.769–0.943
Pure diffusion coefficient	0.793	1.32	0.4957	80	69.57	0.676–0.883
Mean kurtosis coefficient	0.733	650.2	0.5739	90	67.39	0.609–0.834
Mean diffusion coefficient	0.757	1.41	0.4348	100	43.48	0.635–0.854
All	0.895	0.46	0.6348	70	93.38	0.794–0.957