Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jul 15, 2022; 14(7): 1295-1306
Published online Jul 15, 2022. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i7.1295
Table 1 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels between different characteristics, n = 144
Characteristics
Total, n (%)
5-hmC low, n (%)
5-hmC high, n (%)
P value
Sex
Male45 (31.3)17 (24.3)28 (37.8)0.079
Female99 (68.7)53 (75.7)46 (62.2)
Age in yr
< 6056 (38.9)35 (50.0)21 (28.4)0.008
≥ 6088 (61.1)35 (50.0)53 (71.6)
Histological grade
Low 106 (73.6)47 (67.1)59 (79.7)0.087
High 38 (26.4)23 (32.9)15 (20.3)
WHO Classification
Tubular adenocarcinoma115 (79.9)55 (78.6)60 (81.1)0.707
Others29 (20.1)15 (21.4)14 (18.9)
Tumor size in cm
< 5 62 (43.1)32 (45.7)30 (40.5)0.531
≥ 5 82 (56.9)38 (54.3)44 (59.5)
Vascular invasion
Negative39 (27.1)23 (32.9)16 (21.6)0.129
Positive105 (72.9)47 (67.1)58 (78.4)
Neural invasion
Negative64 (44.4)39 (55.7)25 (33.8)0.008
Positive80 (55.6)31 (44.3)49 (66.2)
Depth of invasion
T1/T254 (37.5)30 (42.9)24 (32.4)0.197
T3/T490 (62.5)40 (57.1)50 (67.6)
Lymph metastasis
N041 (28.5)24 (34.3)17 (23.0)0.133
N1/N2/N3103 (71.5)46 (65.7)57 (77.0)
TNM stage
Ⅰ + Ⅱ73 (50.7)43 (61.4)30 (40.5)0.012
71 (49.3)27 (38.6)44 (59.5)
Chemotherapy
No75 (52.1)33 (47.1)42 (56.8)0.248
Yes69 (47.9)37 (52.9)32 (43.2)
H. pylori
Negative 55 (38.2)21 (30.0)34 (45.9)0.049
Positive 89 (61.8)49 (70.0)40 (54.1)
Table 2 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level stratified by different characteristics according to Helicobacter pylori infection condition
CharacteristicsH. pylori (-), n = 55
H. pylori (+), n = 89
5-hmC high, n (%)
P value
5-hmC high, n (%)
P value
Sex
Male18 (50.0)0.01328 (44.4)0.883
Female16 (84.2)12 (46.2)
Age in yr
< 6010 (55.6)0.50511 (28.9)0.009
≥ 6024 (64.9)29 (56.9)
Histological grade
High 10 (55.6)0.5055 (25.0)0.042
Low 24 (64.9)35 (50.7)
WHO classification
Tubular adenocarcinoma31 (60.8)1129 (45.3)0.911
Others3 (75.0)11 (44.0)
Tumor size in cm
< 513 (61.9)0.99217 (41.5)0.542
≥ 521 (61.8)23 (47.9)
Vascular invasion
Negative10 (52.6)0.3086 (30.0)0.127
Positive24 (66.7)34 (49.3)
Neural invasion
Negative16 (57.1)0.4679 (25.0)0.002
Positive18 (66.7)31 (58.5)
Depth of invasion
T1/T212 (50.0)0.11212 (40.0)0.504
T3/T422 (71.0)28 (47.5)
Lymph metastasis
N09 (50.0)0.2088 (34.8)0.255
N1/N2/N325 (67.6)32 (48.5)
TNM stage
Ⅰ + Ⅱ17 (54.8)0.22613 (31.0)0.012
17 (70.8)27 (57.4)
Chemotherapy
No19 (61.3)0.92723 (52.3)0.169
Yes15 (62.5)17 (37.8)
Table 3 Multivariate analyses of risk factors affecting overall survival in total patients, n = 144
Characteristics

HR (95%CI)
P value
Tumor size in cm< 510.027
≥ 51.78 (1.07-2.95)
Histological gradeHigh10.011
Low2.25 (1.21-4.18)
TNM stageⅠ + Ⅱ1< 0.001
2.84 (1.72-4.70)
5-hmCLow10.040
High0.61 (0.38-0.98)
Table 4 Multivariate analysis of risk factors affecting overall survival in the Helicobacter pylori-negative subgroup, n = 55
Characteristics

HR (95%CI)
P value
Neural invasionNegative1< 0.001
Positive5.45 (2.28-13.07)
Tumor size in cm< 510.031
≥ 52.63 (1.09-6.32)
5-hmCLow10.004
High0.30 (0.13-0.68)
Table 5 Multivariate analyses of risk factors affecting overall survival in the TNM stage I + II subgroup, n = 73
Characteristics

HR (95%CI)
P value
SexFemale10.047
Male0.43 (0.19-0.99)
5-hmCLow10.011
High0.32 (0.13-0.77)