Shenoy S. Anal human papilloma viral infection and squamous cell carcinoma: Need objective biomarkers for risk assessment and surveillance guidelines. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14(2): 369-374 [PMID: 35317324 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.369]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Santosh Shenoy, FACS, MD, Professor, Surgeon, General Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 4801 E Linwood, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States. shenoy2009@hotmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Oncology
Article-Type of This Article
Editorial
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2022; 14(2): 369-374 Published online Feb 15, 2022. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.369
Anal human papilloma viral infection and squamous cell carcinoma: Need objective biomarkers for risk assessment and surveillance guidelines
Santosh Shenoy
Santosh Shenoy, General Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri - Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
Author contributions: Shenoy S conceived, researched and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose or any funding for this manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Santosh Shenoy, FACS, MD, Professor, Surgeon, General Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 4801 E Linwood, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States. shenoy2009@hotmail.com
Received: July 12, 2021 Peer-review started: July 12, 2021 First decision: October 3, 2021 Revised: October 4, 2021 Accepted: January 25, 2022 Article in press: January 25, 2022 Published online: February 15, 2022
Core Tip
Core Tip: Human papilloma viral (HPV) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and are causally associated with 5%-10% of all cancers. High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (anal intraepithelial neoplasia-3, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, carcinoma in situ) is a precursor for anal carcinoma. There is inconsistency and unpredictability of anal dysplasia and its progression to squamous cell cancer. There is an urgent need to identify and validate objective HPV biomarkers for better risk stratification for anal cancers. Extrapolating the data from cervical cancers, prospective longitudinal studies are needed incorporating high risk HPV genotyping testing, E6/E7 mRNA; and P16/Ki67 index on anal biopsies to establish optimal surveillance intervals.
