Diagnostic and therapeutic review of a rare gastric inflammatory fibroid polyps case with distinctive features: A case report

Table 1 Differential comparison of imaging and pathological features between inflammatory fibroid polyp, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyomas and schwannomas

Disease type	Endoscopy (white light)	Narrow-band imaging	Contrast-enhanced computed tomography	Endoscopic ultrasonography	Pathological features
Inflammatory fibroid polyp	Solitary, broad-based submucosal protrusion with smooth or mildly eroded surface. Firm consistency, well-defined borders (1-5 cm)	Regular vascular pattern, normal pit pattern (type I/II)	Submucosal hypo-/iso-dense nodule. Mild-moderate homogeneous enhancement; "target sign" (central hypodensity + peripheral enhancement)	Originates from submucosa (3rd layer). Homogeneous hypoechoic, minimal vascularity	Spindle-shaped fibroblasts+ eosinophil infiltration, CD34 (+), CD117/DOG-1 (−)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	Submucosal mass, smooth or ulcerated surface. Hard texture, often large (> 5 cm)	Normal vessels (if mucosa intact), vascular interruption in ulcers	Heterogeneous enhancement with necrosis/cystic degeneration	Originates from muscularis propria (4th layer). Heterogeneous echogenicity, hypervascular	Spindle/epithelioid cells, CD117/DOG-1 (+)
Leiomyoma	Submucosal protrusion, smooth surface, small (1-3 cm)	Regular vascular pattern, normal pit pattern	Homogeneous moderate enhancement, no necrosis/calcification	Originates from muscularis propria (4th layer). Homogeneous hypoechoic, well-defined	Bundled spindle cells. Serum response factor-associated protein (+), desmin (+)
Schwannoma	Submucosal protrusion, smooth surface (rare ulceration	Normal or mildly distorted vessels	Mild homogeneous enhancement, rare cystic degeneration	Originates from submucosa or muscularis propria. Heterogeneous hypoechoic, occasional cysts	Palisaded spindle cells (Verocay bodies), S-100 (+), SRY-related HMG-box 10 protein (+)

DOG-1: Discovered on GIST 1; CD: Cluster of differentiation.