Recent development of optical coherence tomography for preoperative diagnosis of esophageal malignancies

Figure 1 Representative images of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (0-IIc) with the recurrence after chemo-radiation therapy. A 71-year-old patient suffered from the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after chemo-radiation therapy. A: Irregular reddish lesion in the middle-esophagus in a non-magnifying white light endoscopic finding; B: Avascular area with irregular microvessels was observed in narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopic finding; C: The involvement of the tumor signal into layer II without involvement of layer III in the OCT-imaging; D: A representative photo of en bloc ESD specimen demonstrated pT1a-LPM of histological diagnosis (× 10). OCT: Optical coherence tomography; LPM: Lamina propria mucosa.