Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jun 16, 2023; 15(6): 480-490
Published online Jun 16, 2023. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i6.480
Prevalence and clinical risk factors for esophageal candidiasis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients: A multicenter retrospective case-control study
Alexandra V Kimchy, Akram I Ahmad, Lindsey Tully, Connor Lester, Kavya Sanghavi, Joseph J Jennings
Alexandra V Kimchy, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
Akram I Ahmad, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20007, United States
Lindsey Tully, Connor Lester, Department of Internal Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, United States
Kavya Sanghavi, Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, MedStar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD 20781, United States
Joseph J Jennings, Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, United States
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design; material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by all authors listed; the first draft of the manuscript was written by Alexandra V Kimchy and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the MedStar Health-Georgetown University Institutional Review Board.
Informed consent statement: The study was exempt from informed consent based on the MedStar Health-Georgetown University Institutional Review Board.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Datasets are available from the corresponding author at Alexandra.v.kimchy@medstar.net.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Alexandra V Kimchy, DO, Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW, PHC 6, Washington, DC 20007, United States. alexandra.v.kimchy@medstar.net
Received: April 17, 2023
Peer-review started: April 17, 2023
First decision: May 19, 2023
Revised: May 20, 2023
Accepted: May 31, 2023
Article in press: May 31, 2023
Published online: June 16, 2023
Core Tip

Core Tip: While esophageal candidiasis (EC) is often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the prevalence and clinical risk factors for infection in the non-HIV population are less well established. Our study found the prevalence of EC among patients without HIV in the United States to be higher than anticipated, approximately 9%, over a 5-year period. Independent risk factors for infection were prior organ transplant, proton pump inhibitor, or corticosteroid use. The findings of this study may aide clinicians in establishing an early diagnosis and treatment of EC, thereby preventing the later complications of more severe disease.