Persistent risk for new, subsequent new and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma despite successful anti-hepatitis B virus therapy and tumor ablation: The need for hepatitis B virus cure

Table 1 Definition of hepatitis B virus cure[19]

	HBsAg	Anti-HBs	Viremia	cccDNA
Functional cure	-	+	-	+
Complete cure	-	+	-	-

HbsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; Anti-HBs: Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; cccDNA: Covalently closed circular DNA.

Table 2 Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis on long-term antiviral therapy[17]

Patient	Date start Tx	Chang in child class on Tx	Date HCC Dx	Years on anti-HBV Tx at HCC DX	Years with HBV DNA (-)	Age (yr) at HCC Dx	Size (cm) and site of HCC	HBV DNA at HCC Dx	Anti-HBV Tx	Status
1	4/1998	B→A	7/2007	9.3	3.41	53	1.1 Junction	UD	LAM + TDF	Alive
2	6/2002	A→A	8/2007	5.2	4.7	70	1.0 Rt	UD	LAM + TDF	Alive
3	1/1998	B→A	3/2008	10.2	8.2	68	2.8 × 2.5	UD	LAM + TDF	Dead
4	5/1998	A→A	2/2008	9.8	6.7	76	1.8 × 0.9 Lt	UD	LAM + TDF	Alive
5	7/2004	B→B	9/2009	5.2	4.7	52	3.9 Rt	UD	LAM + TDF	Alive
6	7/2001	B→B	9/2010	9.2	4.1	54	2.8 Rt	UD	LAM + TDF	Dead
7	2/2004	A→A	6/2013	9. 3	7.7	57	2.5 Lt med	UD	TDF	Dead
8	2/1996	A→A	7/2013	17.4	9.7	73	1.6 × 1.4 Rt	UD	TDF	Dead
9	8/1997	A→A	6/2014	16.8	5.9	54	2.2 × 1.9 Lt lat	UD	ETV	Alive
10	5/1996	A→A	10/2014	18.4	10.4	74	3.4 Rt	UD	LAM + TDF	Dead
11	2/2000	A→A	4/2015	15.2	12.4	62	3.4 × 3.4 Rt	UD	TDF	Alive
12	2/2000	B→A	5/2015	15.3	12.2	65	3.8 Rt	UD	TDF	Alive

¹Patient has been hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (-) until 3 years before HBV DNA became detectable (22 IU/mL) when tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was added. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; LAM: Lamivudine; TDF: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. UD: Undetectable.