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©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Morphological and biochemical effects of weekend alcohol consumption in rats: Role of concentration and gender
José A Morales-González, María de Lourdes Sernas-Morales, Ángel Morales-González, Laura Ligía González-López, Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán, Nancy Vargas-Mendoza, Tomás Alejandro Fregoso-Aguilar, Liliana Anguiano-Robledo, Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Isela Álvarez-González, Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
José A Morales-González, María de Lourdes Sernas-Morales, Laura Ligía González-López, Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán, Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
Ángel Morales-González, Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
Nancy Vargas-Mendoza, Área Académica de Nutrición, ICSa, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto 42000, Mexico
Tomás Alejandro Fregoso-Aguilar, Depto. de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico
Liliana Anguiano-Robledo, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Isela Álvarez-González, Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
Germán Chamorro-Cevallos, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
Author contributions: Morales-González JA, Morales-González Á, González-López LL, Vargas-Mendoza N and Fregoso-Aguilar TA conceived designed the study; Sernas-Morales ML, Morales-González Á, Fregoso-Aguilar TA, Anguiano-Robledo L, Álvarez-González I and Chamorro-Cevallos G performed the experiments; Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Madrigal-Bujaidar E and Chamorro-Cevallos G analyzed the data; Morales-González Á, González-López LL, Vargas-Mendoza N, Anguiano-Robledo L, Madrigal-Bujaidar E and Álvarez-González I contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; Morales-González JA, Sernas-Morales ML, Morales-González Á and Madrigal-Santillán EO wrote the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by 20160719 SIP-ESM, IPN, México.
Institutional review board statement: Approved by the Committee of Research of the Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, México with registration number ESM.CI-01/13-06-2017.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: Approved by the Internal Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, México with registration number: ESM.CICUAL-12/23-06-2017.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: José A Morales-González, MD, PhD, Professor, Laboratorio Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico. jmorales101@yahoo.com.mx
Telephone: +52-555-7296300 Fax: +52-555-7296000
Received: November 24, 2017
Peer-review started: November 25, 2017
First decision: December 18, 2017
Revised: January 13, 2018
Accepted: January 23, 2018
Article in press: January 24, 2018
Published online: February 27, 2018
AIM
To examine the association between weekend alcohol consumption and the biochemical and histological alterations at two different concentrations of alcohol in both genders in rats.
METHODS
Wistar rats weighing 170-200 g were divided into groups as follows: (1) Control groups; and (2) weekend alcohol-consumption group: 2 d/weekly per 12 wk, at two different concentrations: (1) Group of males or females with a consumption of a solution of alcohol at 40%; and (2) group of males or females with a consumption of a solution of alcohol at 5%. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver samples were obtained. The following enzymes and metabolites were determined in serum: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, and glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, bilirubin, and albumin. Liver samples from each group were employed to analyze morphological abnormalities by light microscopy.
RESULTS
In all of the weekend alcohol-consumption groups, AST activity presented a significant, 10-fold rise. Regarding ALT activity, the groups with weekend alcohol consumption presented a significant increase that was six times greater. Bilirubin levels increased significantly in both groups of females. We observed a significant increase in the parameters of fatty change and inflammation due to weekend alcohol consumption. Only the group of females that consumed alcohol at 40% presented slight hepatocellular disorganization
CONCLUSION
The results obtained herein provide solid evidence that weekend alcohol consumption gives rise to liver damage, demonstrated by biochemical and histological alterations, first manifested acutely, and prolonged weekend alcohol consumption can cause greater, irreversible damage.
Core tip: At present, it is considered that the main weekend alcohol consumers comprises the young population, due to the gratifying effect of alcohol, this being a very important social and health problem. Our findings demonstrate an effect of the damage that is caused by weekend alcohol consumption, regardless of gender or the concentration of alcohol. Even more so, greater damage can be observed in females, and the metabolism of ethanol probably participates, specifically due to its first-pass metabolism, which is carried out in the stomach.
