Low complexity domains, condensates, and stem cell pluripotency

Table 1 Low complexity domain-containing proteins in transcriptional activation and repression in embryonic stem cells

Ref.	LCD-Factors	LCD-domain	Nature of LCD	Experimentally confirmed		Modifications
				In vitro	In vivo
Boija et al[46]	MED1	C-terminus	Polar	Yes	Yes1	NA
Boija et al[46] Brehm et al[47]	OCT4	N- and C-terminal domains	Acidic amino acids (electrostatic)	Yes	Yes1	Phosphorylation
Boija et al[46] Xue et al[48]	SOX2	N-terminus	NA	Yes	NA	NA
Boija et al[46] Metallo et al[49]	c-MYC	Entire polypeptide	NA	Yes	NA	NA
Boija et al[46] Jenkins et al[50]; Oldfield et al[51]	p53	N- and C-terminal domains	Acidic amino acids (N-terminus)	Yes	NA	Phosphorylation
Boija et al[46] Xue et al[48]	NANOG	N- and C-terminal domains	NA	Yes	NA	NA
Boija et al[46]	ER	NA	NA	Yes	NA	NA
Choi et al[30]	ABCF1	N-terminus	NA	Yes	Yes2	NA
Boehning et al[52]	RNA Pol II	C-terminus	Hydrophobic and electrostatic	Yes	Yes1	Phosphorylation
Lau et al[53]	HP1α	N-terminus	Acidic amino acids	Yes	Yes1	Phosphorylation
Plys et al[54]	CBX2	Entire polypeptide	Positively charged	Yes	Yes2	Phosphorylation

¹Endogenously-tagged fluorescent protein-fusion.

²Overexpression of protein fused with fluorescent tag. LCD: Low complexity domain; MED1: Mediator complex subunit 1; OCT4: Octamer-binding transcription factor 4; SOX2: Sex-determining region Y-box 2; ABCF1: ATP-binding cassette subfamily F member 1; CBX2: Chromobox 2; ER: Estrogen receptor; NA: Not available.