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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Stem Cells. Oct 26, 2021; 13(10): 1360-1381
Published online Oct 26, 2021. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1360
Translational products of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Bench to bedside applications
Shilpa Sharma, Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman, Rajni Ranjan, Saurabh Kumar Jha
Shilpa Sharma, Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
Shilpa Sharma, Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman, Indian Stem Cell Study Group, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India
Sathish Muthu, Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624304, India
Sathish Muthu, Madhan Jeyaraman, Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Sharda University, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
Madhan Jeyaraman, Rajni Ranjan, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
Saurabh Kumar Jha, Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
Author contributions: Sharma S, Jeyaraman M and Muthu S contributed equally to this work; Sharma S, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Ranjan R, and Jha SK designed the research study; Sharma S, Jeyaraman M and Muthu S performed the research; Sharma S, Jeyaraman M and Muthu S analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Madhan Jeyaraman, MS Ortho, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park-3, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India. madhanjeyaraman@gmail.com
Received: March 1, 2021
Peer-review started: March 1, 2021
First decision: June 23, 2021
Revised: July 2, 2021
Accepted: August 30, 2021
Article in press: August 30, 2021
Published online: October 26, 2021
Abstract

With developments in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the use of biological products for the treatment of various disorders has come into the limelight among researchers and clinicians. Among all the available biological tissues, research and exploration of adipose tissue have become more robust. Adipose tissue engineering aims to develop by-products and their substitutes for their regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. The use of biodegradable scaffolds along with adipose tissue products has a major role in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Adipose tissue, apart from being the powerhouse of energy storage, also functions as the largest endocrine organ, with the release of various adipokines. The progenitor cells among the heterogeneous population in the adipose tissue are of paramount importance as they determine the capacity of regeneration of these tissues. The results of adipose-derived stem-cell assisted fat grafting to provide numerous growth factors and adipokines that improve vasculogenesis, fat graft integration, and survival within the recipient tissue and promote the regeneration of tissue are promising. Adipose tissue gives rise to various by-products upon processing. This article highlights the significance and the usage of various adipose tissue by-products, their individual characteristics, and their clinical applications.

Keywords: Adipose tissue, Stem cells, Fat graft, Clinical applications, Mesenchymal stem cells

Core Tip: Promising evidence supports clinical application of derivatives of adipose-derived stem cells enriched with numerous growth factors and adipokines for improved vasculogenesis, graft integration, and survival within the recipient tissue. Analysis of its differential characteristics and practical applications became a necessity. In this review, we highlight the significance and usage of various adipose tissue by-products, their individual characteristics, and their clinical applications along with the evidence supporting its use.