Immunoglobulin G in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis predicts clinical outcome: A prospective multi-centre cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, n (%)

	Overall	CH	SGH	P value
Patients	261	60	201	-
Regions				0.07
European	60 (23.0)	55 (91.7)	5 (2.5)
Asian	197 (75.5)	2 (3.3)	195 (97.5)
Others	4 (1.5)	3 (5.5)	1 (0.5)
Age, mean ± SD	53 ± 12.9	52.9 ± 16.9	53 ± 11.7	0.30
Male	51.9%	53.3%	51.7%	0.83
ALT, mean ± SD	112.3 ± 373.9	80.2 ± 66.6	121.9 ± 425.5	0.45
AST, mean ± SD	80.3 ± 216.7	60.8 ± 42.3	86.1 ± 246.1	0.43
NAS, Median (IQR)	4 (3-5)	4 (3-5)	4 (3-5)	0.54
Metavir Fibrosis score, mean ± SD	1.7 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.3	0.58
F0	53 (20.3)	13 (21.7)	40 (19.9)
F1	95 (36.3)	25 (41.7)	70 (34.8)
F2	31 (11.9)	5 (8.3)	26 (12.9)
F3	48 (18.4)	7 (11.7)	41 (20.4)
F4	34 (13.1)	10 (16.6)	24 (11.9)

CH: Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand; SGH: Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; IQR: interquartile range; NAS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors of clinical outcomes

Predictors	Liver decompensation				All-cause mortality
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age1 (per 1 yr)	1.04 (1.00-1.08)	0.04	1.01 (0.98-1.05)	0.46	1.06 (1.03-1.10)	< 0.0001	1.06 (1.02-1.10)	0.001
Sex	0.99 (0.44-2.19)	0.98	-	-	1.16 (0.60-2.27)	0.65	-	-
Fibrosis2	1.67 (1.25-2.26)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.03-1.87)	0.03	1.27 (1.00-1.61)	0.05	1.01 (0.80-1.29)	0.91
NAS3	0.96 (0.67-1.32)	0.79	-	-	0.88 (0.66-1.16)	0.37	-	-
IgG	8.20 (3.61-20.30)	< 0.0001	6.79 (2.93-17.15)	< 0.0001	4.50 (2.29-9.00)	< 0.0001	3.79 (1.90-7.68)	0.0001
ANA	1.15 (0.41-2.86)	0.78	-	-	1.14 (0.47-2.51)	0.76	-	-
ASMA	0		-	-	0.94 (0.05-4.53)	0.95	-	-
Plasma cells	0.97 (0.23-2.81)	0.96	-	-	1.20 (0.41-2.83)	0.71	-	-

¹Age as continuous variable for every one year increase in age.

²Increase in Metavir fibrosis stage.

³Increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score by 1.

IgG: Immunoglobulin G; ANA: Anti-nuclear antibody; ASMA: Anti smooth muscle antibody; HR: Hazard ratio.