Effect of postoperative early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immune function of cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

Table 1 Nutrition supply postoperatively

Group	Nutritional support	POD 1	POD 2	POD 3	POD 4	POD 5	POD 6
TPN group	PN	10 kcal/kg	20 kcal/kg	30 kcal/kg	35 kcal/kg	35 kcal/kg	35 kcal/kg
	EN	0	0	0	0	0	0
EEN + PN group	PN	10 kcal/kg	10 kcal/kg	10 kcal/kg	5 kcal/kg	0	0
	EN	0	10 kcal/kg	20 kcal/kg	30 kcal/kg	35 kcal/kg	35 kcal/kg

EEN: Early enteral nutrition; EN: Enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition; POD: Postoperative day; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.

Table 2 Baseline data before operation

Group	Number of cases	Age in yr, mean ± SD	Gender of cases, M/F	NRS score, mean ± SD	Total bilirubin as µmol/L, mean ± SD	Jaundice duration in d, mean ± SD	PTCD cases
TPN group	30	58.90 ± 7.42	18/12	4.03 ± 0.78	100.26 ± 19.18	21.26 ± 9.16	16
EEN + PN group	26	59.08 ± 7.64	15/11	4.08 ± 0.78	96.50 ± 18.01	18.96 ± 8.89	18
t or χ2		0.089	0.031	0.239	0.753	0.950	1.476
P value		0.9291	0.8612	0.8121	0.4551	0.3461	0.2242

¹t-test.

²Chi-square test. EEN: Early enteral nutrition; F: Female; M: Male; NRS: Nutrition risk screening; PN: Parenteral nutrition; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; SD: Standard deviation; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.

Table 3 Comparison of operation methods and relevant data

Basic data	EEN + PN group, n = 26	TPN group, n = 30	t or χ2	P value
Operation methods by case
Pancreatoduodenectomy	12	20	2.393	0.1222
Choledochojejunostomy	14	10
Operative duration in h, mean ± SD	3.27 ± 0.88	2.84 ± 0.90	1.802	0.0771
Amount of bleeding in mL, mean ± SD	476.00 ± 187.71	524.00 ± 169.61	1.005	0.3191
NRS score on the first day after operation by score, mean ± SD	4.25 ± 0.74	4.21 ± 0.88	0.183	0.8561

¹t-test.

²Chi-square test.

EEN: Early enteral nutrition; NRS: Nutrition risk screening; PN: Parenteral nutrition; SD: Standard deviation; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.

Table 4 The incidence of abdominal distention, bile leakage, and infection of operation site in the two groups, n (%)

	Cases	Abdominal distention	Bile leakage	Surgical site infection
TPN group	30	4 (13.33)	4 (13.33)	5 (16.67)
EEN + PN group	26	11 (42.31)	2 (7.96)	2 (7.96)
Total	56	15 (26.79)	6 (10.71)	7 (12.50)
P value		0.018	0.675	0.431

Fisher's exact test. EEN: Early enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.

Table 5 Comparison of recovery time of intestinal function, hospitalization time, and total cost of hospitalization, mean ± standard deviation

	Cases	Recovery time of intestinal function after operation in h	Postoperative hospital stay in d	Cost of hospitalization in RMB
TPN group	30	72.0 ± 12.9	9.7 ± 1.5	109036.69 ± 7949.71
EEN + PN group	26	51.2 ± 4.4	8.7 ± 0.8	87852.37 ± 9127.04
t		7.828	3.043	9.285
P value		< 0.001	0.004	< 0.001

t-test. EEN: Early enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.