Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2017; 23(35): 6371-6378
Published online Sep 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i35.6371
Table 1 Obesity defined by body mass index
BMI (kg/m2)DefinitionObesity class
18.5-24.9Normal
25-29.9Overweight
30-34.9ObesityI
35-39.9ObesityII
40.0-ObesityIII
Table 2 Obesity related medical disorders
Diabetes mellitus
Obstructive sleep apnea
Degenerative osteoarthritis
Non-alcohol steatohepatitis
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia with coronary artery disease
Pseudo-tumor cerebri
Gastroesophageal reflux
Deep vein thrombosis
Asthma
Carcinomas (kidney, breast, endometrial, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal, gallbladder)
Table 3 Weight loss medications approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration
MedicationPublished weight loss
Short term useRange from 3.6 to 8.1 kg
Benzphetamine
Diethylpropion
Phendimetrazine
Phentermine
Long term use
Orlistat2.6 kg
Liraglutide4 to 6 kg
Lorcaserin3.2 kg
Naltrexone and bupropion5 kg
Phentermine and topiramate8.8 kg
Table 4 Potential endoscopic methods to treat medically-complicated obesity
MethodPotential physiological mechanisms
Delivery of a Weight Loss Device
Intragastric BalloonStomach distension; reduce volume required for satiety; delay gastric emptying
Orbera1
ReShape1
Obalon1
Duodeno-jejunal bypass sleeveDelay Gastric Emptying; Induce Malabsorption
Aspiration therapyReduce Intragastric Nutrients
Use of intraluminal suturing
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplastyInduce early satiation; delay gastric emptying
Transoral gastroplastyReduce volume required for satiety