Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis antibiotic treatment in the era of multi-drug resistance pathogens: A systematic review

Table 1 Study characteristics (part 1)

Ref.	Country, clinical setting	Study years	Study design	N-SP definition (hours after admission)	N-SP/non N-SP
Song et al[20]	South Korea, University Hospital	1998-2003	RC	> 72	32/74
Cheong et al[21]	South Korea, University Hospital	2000-2007	RC	> 72	126/110
Fernández et al[22] (first cohort)	Spain, University Hospital	2005-2007	PC	> 48	32/94
Fernández et al[22] (second cohort)	Spain, University Hospital	2010-2011	PC	> 48	7/26
Chaulk et al[23]	Canada, University Hospital	2003-2011	RC	> 48	17/60
Li YT et al[24]	China, University Hospital	2011-2013	RC	> 48	99/207
Friedrich et al[25]	Germany, University Hospital	2007-2013	RC	> 48	89/49
Piano et al[12]	Italy, University Hospital plus Private Care Center	2011-2014	RCT	> 72	Only NSP, 31 cases
Salerno et al[26]	Italy, multicenter	2007-2009	PC	> 48	24/32
Lutz et al[27]	Germany, University Hospital	2012-2016	PC	> 48	63/29

N-SP: Nosocomial spontaneous peritonitis; RC: Retrospective cohort; PC: Prospective cohort; RCT: Randomized controlled trial.

Table 2 Study characteristics (part 2) n (%)

Ref.	N-SP culture-positive/N-SP total	N-SBP/N-SFP	N-SBP by GPB/culture-positive N-SPB	N-SPB by MDR bacteria/culture-positive N-SPB	N-SBP by MDR-GPB/N-SBP by GPB	N-SBP by MDR-GNB/N-SBP by GNB
Song et al[20]	Only culture positive cases	32/0	NA	NA	NA	12/18 (66.6)1
Cheong et al[21]	Only culture positive cases	123/3	37/119 (31.0)	NA	NA	23/82 (28.0)
Fernández et al[22] (first cohort)	NA	32/0	NA	7/32 (21.9)	NA	NA2
Fernández et al[22] (second cohort)	NA	7/0	NA	2/7 (28.5)	NA	NA3
Chaulk et al[23]	NA	17/0	NA	7/17 (41.1)	NA	NA
Li et al[24]	Only culture positive cases	92/7	27/92 (29.3)	29/62 (46.8)4	7/19 (36.8)5	22/43 (51.2)6
Friedrich et al[25]	NA	81/8	37/118 (31.3)	59/81 (72.8)	NA	NA
Piano et al[12]	16/31 (51.6)	16/0	10/16 (62.5)	6/16 (37.5)	3/6 (50.0)	3/10 (30.0)
Salerno et al[26]	NA	24/0	NA	6/24 (25.0)	NA	NA
Lutz et al[27]	30/63 (47.6)	29/1	14/29 (48.2)	9/30 (30.0)	NA	NA

¹Resistance data only about Escherichia coli;

²All cases of multidrug-resistance were related to Gram-negative bacteria;

³All cases of multidrug-resistance were related to Gram-negative bacteria;

⁴Data only about Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp.;

⁵Data only about Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp.;

⁶Data only about Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. N-SP: Nosocomial spontaneous peritonitis; N-SBP: Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; N-SFP: Nosocomial spontaneous fungal peritonitis; GBP: Gram-positive bacteria; GNB: Gram-negative bacteria; NA: Not available.