Fiore M, Maraolo AE, Gentile I, Borgia G, Leone S, Sansone P, Passavanti MB, Aurilio C, Pace MC. Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis antibiotic treatment in the era of multi-drug resistance pathogens: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(25): 4654-4660 [PMID: 28740354 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4654]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Marco Fiore, MD, Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. marco.fiore@hotmail.it
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Systematic Reviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2017; 23(25): 4654-4660 Published online Jul 7, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4654
Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis antibiotic treatment in the era of multi-drug resistance pathogens: A systematic review
Marco Fiore, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Ivan Gentile, Guglielmo Borgia, Sebastiano Leone, Pasquale Sansone, Maria Beatrice Passavanti, Caterina Aurilio, Maria Caterina Pace
Marco Fiore, Pasquale Sansone, Maria Beatrice Passavanti, Caterina Aurilio, Maria Caterina Pace, Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Ivan Gentile, Guglielmo Borgia, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Sebastiano Leone, Division of Infectious Diseases, “San Giuseppe Moscati” Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy
Author contributions: Fiore M designed the research; Fiore M and Maraolo AE collected the data; Leone S cross-checked results and resolved disagreement; Sansone P, Passavanti MB, Aurilio C and Pace MC contributed to conception of the study; Gentile I and Borgia G supervised the paper; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors have any conflict of interest in connection with this study.
Data sharing statement: Electonic data regarding the file of retrieved studies are available from the corresponding author at marco.fiore@hotmail.it.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Marco Fiore, MD, Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. marco.fiore@hotmail.it
Telephone: +39-8-15665180 Fax: +39-8-1455426
Received: December 29, 2016 Peer-review started: December 30, 2016 First decision: March 16, 2017 Revised: March 31, 2017 Accepted: June 19, 2017 Article in press: June 19, 2017 Published online: July 7, 2017
Abstract
AIM
To systematically review literature upon aetiology of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (N-SBP) given the rising importance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 15th of November 2016, using the following search strategy: “spontaneous” AND “peritonitis”.
RESULTS
The initial search through electronic databases retrieved 2556 records. After removing duplicates, 1958 records remained. One thousand seven hundred and thirty-five of them were excluded on the basis of the screening of titles and abstract, and the ensuing number of remaining articles was 223. Of these records, after careful evaluation, only 9 were included in the qualitative analysis. The overall proportion of MDR bacteria turned out to be from 22% to 73% of cases across the studies.
CONCLUSION
N-SBP is caused, in a remarkable proportion, by MDR pathogens. This should prompt a careful re-assessment of guidelines addressing the treatment of this clinical entity.
Core tip: Nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (N-SBP) develops in up to one-third of cirrhotic patients. The overall 30-d survival for N-SBP is only 20%, also due to an inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy (EAT). The aim of our Sistematic Review is to describe N-SBP bacterial aetiology and the prevalence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) pathogens to suggest which EAT may be adequate in these entities. After careful evaluation 9 studies were identified. The overall proportion of MDR bacteria was up to 22%-73% of cases. EAT with a carbapenem plus daptomycin and a Beta-lactam active against methicillin-resistant cocci should be considered in centers with a high prevalence of MDR bacteria.
