Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors: A comparative study of hook knife vs hybrid knife

Table 1 Patient baseline characteristics in hook knife group and hybrid knife group n (%)

	HO group (n = 34)	HK group (n = 49)	P value
Gender, female	11 (32.4)	22 (44.9)	0.251
Age, years (range)	50.1 ± 9.4 (27-66)	46.9 ± 12.9 (19-68)	0.195
Presenting symptoms
Asymptomatic	11 (32.4)	19 (38.8)
Epigastric discomfort	10 (29.4)	14 (28.6)
Chest discomfort	8 (23.5)	11 (22.4)
Dysphagia	3 (8.8)	3 (6.1)
Regurgitation	2 (5.9)	2 (4.1)	0.965
Tumor location
Esophagus	23 (67.6)	34 (69.4)
Cardia	7 (20.6)	10 (20.4)
Stomach	4 (11.8)	5 (10.2)	0.973

HO group: Hook knife group; HK group: Hybrid knife group.

Table 2 Clinical outcomes and histopathological results n (%)

	HO group (n = 34)	HK group (n = 49)	P value
Procedure time, min (range)	57.2 ± 28.0(30-150)	41.3 ± 20.3 (15-120)	0.004b
Frequency of device exchange, n (range)	3.3 ± 0.6 (2-5)	1.4 ± 0.6 (1-3)	0.000b
Frequency of coagulation forceps use, n (range)	0.2 ± 0.4 (0-1)	0.2 ± 0.4 (0-1)	0.625
Tumor size, mm (range)	19.7 ± 7.2 (10-40)	19.3 ± 7.5 (8-40)	0.813
No. of tumors based on size (mm)
≤ 20	26 (76.5)	36 (73.5)
> 20	8 (23.5)	13 (26.5)	0.757
Histopathological diagnosis
Leiomyoma	27 (79.4)	42 (85.7)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	6 (17.6)	7 (14.3)
Lipoma	1 (2.9)	0 (0)	0.363
En bloc resection	32 (94.1)	49 (100)	0.165
Complete resection	32 (94.1)	49 (100)	0.165
Complications
Perforation	2 (5.9)	2 (4.1)
Bleeding	1 (2.9)	0 (0)
Subcutaneous emphysema	1 (2.9)	2 (4.1)	0.568
Hospital stay, days (range)	5.6 ± 1.4 (3-10)	5.8 ± 1.5 (3-10)	0.501
Mean follow-up time, months (range)	27.2 ± 6.4 (18.9-41.4)	25.5 ± 4.0 (20.6-39.7)	0.175
Recurrence rate, %	0	0	1.000

^bP < 0.01. HO group: Hook knife group; HK group: Hybrid knife group.