Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2016; 22(47): 10325-10340
Published online Dec 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i47.10325
Table 1 Clinical data of samples involved in the high resolution melting study
Sample IDAgeGenderLocalizationHistologyTNMGradeDukes’ stage (MAC)DysplasiaAdenoma sizeSample type
Ch14MColonNormalFFPE
Ch27FCecumNormalFFPE
Ch311MColonNormalFFPE
Ch414MTransverseNormalFFPE
Ch55FSigmoidNormalFFPE
Ch67FDescendentNormalFFPE
Ch71MDescendentNormalFFPE
Ch81MSigmoidNormalFFPE
Ch910MCecumNormalFFPE
Ch103MSigmoidNormalFFPE
Ch1117FCecumNormalFFPE
Ch1217FSigmoidNormalFFPE
Ch1316FSigmoidNormalFFPE
Ch1416FCecumNormalFFPE
Ch151MLeft colonNormalFF
Ch163FSigmoidNormalFF
Ch176MSigmoidNormalFF
Ch189MSigmoidNormalFF
Ch1917MColonNormalFF
N144FSigmoidNormalFF
N231FSigmoidNormalFF
N359FSigmoidNormalFF
N454MColonNormalFF
N568FSigmoidNormalFF
N671FSigmoidNormalFF
N769FSigmoidNormalFF
N857FSigmoidNormalFF
AD178MAsc, sigmoid, rectumTubulovillous adenomaLow-grade30 mm, 3 mm, 15 mmFF
AD260MSigmoidTubular adenomaLow-grade6 mmFF
AD388MAsc, transv, sigmoidTubular adenomaLow-grade4 mm, 3 mm, 7-8 mmFF
AD472FRectumTubular adenomaLow-grade10 mmFF
AD545FDescendentTubular adenomaHigh-grade5-6 mmFF
AD668FRectumTubular adenomaLow-grade5 mmFF
AD763FSigmoidTubular adenomaLow-grade8 mmFF
AD865FAsc, transv, rectumTubular adenomaLow-grade2-3 mm, 2-3 mm, 2-3 mmFF
AD960FSigmoidTubular adenomaLow-grade5 mm, 4 mmFF
AD1077FRectosigmoidTubular adenomaLow-grade5 mmFF
AD1155FAsc colonTubular adenomaLow-grade10 mmFF
AD1276MCecum, sigmoidTubular adenomaLow-grade5 mm, 8-10 mmFF
AD1362FSigmoidTubular adenomaHigh-grade30 mmFF
AD1483MAsc colonTubulovillous adenomaHigh-grade50-60 mmFF
AD1573MCecum, asc, descTubular adenomaLow-grade12 mm, 10 mm, 6-8 mmFF
AD1664MTransv, sigmoid, rectumTubular adenomaLow-grade5 mm, 25 mm, 15 mmFF
AD1763MAsc, transv, rectumTubular adenomaLow-grade2-3 mm, 5 mm, 5-6 mm, 15 mmFF
AD1863FSigmoidTubulovillous adenomaLow-grade25 mmFF
AD1963MRectumTubulovillous and tubular adenomaLow-grade25 mm, 30 mmFF
AD2087MSigmoid, rectumTubulovillous adenomaLow-grade20 mm, 15 mmFF
AD2163FSigmoidTubulovillous adenomaLow-grade25 mmFF
CRC167FSigmoidAdenocarcinomaUnknownUnknownUnknownFF
CRC276FHepatic flexureAdenocarcinomaT2N0M02B1FF
CRC373FSigmoidAdenocarcinomaT3N2M12DFF
CRC465MSigmoidAdenocarcinomaT2N0M01B1FF
CRC585FCecumAdenocarcinomaT2N0M02B1FF
CRC660MHepatic flexureAdenocarcinomaunknownDFF
CRC768MSigmoid, rectumAdenocarcinomaT3N0M01B2FF
CRC887FSigmoidAdenocarcinomaT3N0M02B2FF
Table 2 Significant DNA methylation alterations of age-related CpG sites in CRC samples compared to normal tissue
cgIDGene symbolP valueΔβ (CRC - N)
cg06462291NT5DC33.81 × 10-6-0.27
cg06144905PIPOX1.81 × 10-7-0.22
cg10345936SLC36A22.49 × 10-5-0.18
cg13828047MPI1.78 × 10-5-0.17
cg11314684AKT34.55 × 10-5-0.16
cg00431549MGP0.020-0.12
cg14409958ENPP20.021-0.11
cg00091693KRT200.010-0.11
cg17274064ERG1.48 × 10-4-0.11
cg22809047RPL311.91 × 10-3-0.10
cg00075967STRA60.010-0.10
cg06952310NCAN7.13 × 10-3-0.10
cg02388150SFRP13.33 × 10-30.10
cg03588357GPR687.72 × 10-30.10
cg26297688TMEM2636.21 × 10-30.10
cg04528819KLF140.0360.10
cg26372517TFAP2E9.23 × 10-30.11
cg08030082POMC1.93 × 10-30.11
cg05675373KCNC47.80 × 10-30.11
cg10281002TBX50.0120.11
cg06117855CLEC3B1.87 × 10-30.11
cg09509673CCR101.91 × 10-40.11
cg14597908GNAS1.48 × 10-40.11
cg27494383LTK9.32 × 10-30.12
cg21870884GPR255.77 × 10-30.13
cg25657834NTSR24.43 × 10-30.13
cg22449114TCF153.48 × 10-50.13
cg04126866C10orf994.52 × 10-40.13
cg25552492LGI39.44 × 10-30.14
cg08965235LTBP33.12 × 10-30.14
cg06836772PRKAA20.0130.14
cg02364642ARHGEF251.20 × 10-30.16
cg18573383KCNC21.38 × 10-30.16
cg12616277ESYT30.0150.16
cg17729667NINL3.46 × 10-30.16
cg04999691ZBED6CL3.32 × 10-110.16
cg12373771CECR63.70 × 10-30.17
cg02489552CCDC1058.91 × 10-80.17
cg25148589GRIA27.77 × 10-60.19
cg21096399MCAM5.47 × 10-60.19
cg20914508GAP434.24 × 10-40.20
cg12768605LYPD51.85 × 10-40.21
cg13216057DKK32.10 × 10-40.21
cg12351433LHCGR4.97 × 10-70.22
cg08434234DGKI5.16 × 10-50.23
cg10920957JPH33.00 × 10-40.26
cg27092035ARL103.73 × 10-50.27
cg06557358TMEM132E3.17 × 10-60.27
cg26620959SYNE11.32 × 10-60.30
cg07663789NPR38.73 × 10-60.31
cg09191327PRDM121.79 × 10-60.31
cg25070637SDC21.64 × 10-60.34
cg10486998GALR11.81 × 10-80.35
cg24834740PPP1R16B3.56 × 10-120.37
cg27319898ZNF804B5.41 × 10-80.38
cg08090772ADHFE17.18 × 10-140.39
cg02217159KHDRBS26.67 × 10-130.43
Table 3 Significant DNA methylation changes of age-related CpG sites in adenoma samples compared to normal tissue
cgIDGene symbolP valueΔβ (AD - N)
cg10345936SLC36A23.49 × 10-10-0.34
cg00091693KRT202.49 × 10-12-0.30
cg00075967STRA62.58 × 10-9-0.26
cg11314684AKT31.03 × 10-9-0.26
cg06462291NT5DC37.45 × 10-5-0.25
cg17099569GLI21.25 × 10-10-0.23
cg00168942GJD42.48 × 10-7-0.20
cg20828084CEMIP1.33 × 10-9-0.19
cg17274064ERG1.82 × 10-10-0.19
cg07408456PGLYRP22.41 × 10-12-0.19
cg03019000TEX2642.25 × 10-7-0.19
cg17589341SLC14A11.42 × 10-9-0.19
cg02580606KRT33B9.08 × 10-5-0.17
cg00436603CYP2E11.37 × 10-8-0.16
cg19346193UROS6.59 × 10-7-0.15
cg03103192SPATA181.39 × 10-7-0.15
cg25564800KPNA12.18 × 10-8-0.14
cg06144905PIPOX3.63 × 10-7-0.14
cg06952310NCAN2.72 × 10-4-0.14
cg13038560C2orf472.13 × 10-5-0.13
cg22190114NLRP81.67 × 10-4-0.13
cg13302154MGP7.27 × 10-6-0.13
cg01262913DSCR92.67 × 10-6-0.13
cg14258236OR5V13.71 × 10-4-0.12
cg13828047MPI1.01 × 10-3-0.12
cg01459453SELP1.65 × 10-4-0.12
cg14894144LAMA32.29 × 10-4-0.12
cg07337598ANXA92.02 × 10-5-0.12
cg03270204DDR17.47 × 10-5-0.12
cg12946225HMG20B1.37 × 10-6-0.11
cg09646392TNFSF13B2.66 × 10-5-0.10
cg19305227SLC28A20.033-0.10
cg03578041LARP62.22 × 10-5-0.10
cg07455279NDUFA30.013-0.10
cg13899108PDE4C5.00 × 10-60.10
cg04999691ZBED6CL4.92 × 10-50.10
cg14597908GNAS9.38 × 10-50.10
cg21870884GPR259.49 × 10-30.11
cg12616277ESYT30.0220.12
cg12373771CECR63.55 × 10-30.12
cg17729667NINL4.43 × 10-30.13
cg02364642ARHGEF252.33 × 10-30.14
cg22449114TCF152.39 × 10-50.14
cg03565323ZNF2874.52 × 10-30.14
cg02388150SFRP11.20 × 10-70.15
cg12768605LO×L28.01 × 10-30.15
cg25657834NTSR21.46 × 10-40.16
cg20914508GAP439.41 × 10-40.16
cg10281002TBX51.26 × 10-50.17
cg02489552CCDC1057.16 × 10-80.18
cg05675373KCNC41.82 × 10-60.18
cg25148589GRIA26.11 × 10-70.18
cg13216057DKK39.64 × 10-40.18
cg27092035ARL108.81 × 10-40.19
cg12351433LHCGR2.20 × 10-60.20
cg18573383KCNC25.43 × 10-70.21
cg08434234DGKI6.60 × 10-50.22
cg21096399MCAM5.20 × 10-80.22
cg10920957JPH31.03 × 10-40.25
cg08965235LTBP36.03 × 10-100.25
cg27319898ZNF804B5.48 × 10-50.26
cg26620959SYNE13.89 × 10-60.29
cg25070637SDC21.82 × 10-50.30
cg07663789NPR36.41 × 10-70.31
cg09191327PRDM124.08 × 10-70.31
cg06557358TMEM132E2.04 × 10-80.33
cg10486998GALR12.61 × 10-90.36
cg24834740PPP1R16B2.23 × 10-90.36
cg08090772ADHFE15.19 × 10-110.39
cg02217159KHDRBS21.87 × 10-110.41
Table 4 Significant DNA methylation alterations of age-related CpG sites in colorectal cancer samples compared to adenoma tissue
cgIDGene symbolP valueΔβ (CRC - AD)
cg08965235LTBP39.09 × 10-4-0.11
cg00945507SEC61G1.64 × 10-50.10
cg15974053HSD17B142.27 × 10-30.10
cg24262469TIPARP5.33 × 10-80.10
cg07158339FXN1.84 × 10-70.10
cg11314684AKT34.52 × 10-40.10
cg03578041LARP62.57 × 10-90.10
cg17853587NDST35.94 × 10-40.10
cg07408456PGLYRP21.51 × 10-70.11
cg02580606KRT33B1.22 × 10-40.11
cg03019000TEX2645.39 × 10-50.11
cg27319898ZNF804B0.0230.12
cg00436603CYP2E11.97 × 10-60.12
cg15804973MAP3K56.27 × 10-120.12
cg06117855CLEC3B1.73 × 10-70.13
cg24126851DCHS13.58 × 10-80.13
cg16034652UNC794.23 × 10-110.13
cg01262913DSCR91.64 × 10-80.13
cg26372517TFAP2E9.80 × 10-60.13
cg03270204DDR14.24 × 10-70.13
cg17589341SLC14A17.35 × 10-100.13
cg22679120SNX88.16 × 10-90.14
cg20828084CEMIP2.00 × 10-80.14
cg19305227SLC28A21.11 × 10-60.14
cg00168942GJD41.18 × 10-70.14
cg13038560C2orf478.96 × 10-80.15
cg26614073SCAP1.33 × 10-90.15
cg19346193UROS2.09 × 10-80.16
cg00075967STRA64.87 × 10-70.16
cg03103192SPATA186.07 × 10-120.16
cg10345936SLC36A24.09 × 10-60.16
cg17099569GLI29.04 × 10-70.16
cg04126866C10orf994.23 × 10-100.18
cg00091693KRT201.17 × 10-80.19
Table 5 Genes showing inverse DNA methylation and gene expression data
Gene symbolGene nameDNA methylation
Gene expression
cg IDP valueΔβAffymetrix IDP valueLogFC
CRC vs N
AKT3AKT serine/threonine kinase 3cg113146844.55 × 10-5-0.16224229_s_at0.0150.07
222880_at2.26 × 10-30.61
212609_s_at4.72 × 10-40.62
212607_at9.76 × 10-40.64
ERGv-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologcg172740641.48 × 10-4-0.11211626_x_at5.84 × 10-40.20
241926_s_at2.05 × 10-50.64
213541_s_at4.69 × 10-91.08
MGPMatrix Gla proteincg004315490.020-0.12202291_s_at2.34 × 10-111.97
PIPOXPipecolic acid and sarcosine oxidasecg061449051.81 × 10-7-0.22221605_s_at0.0190.50
CCR10C-C motif chemokine receptor 10cg095096731.91 × 10-40.11220565_at0.010-0.51
CLEC3BC-type lectin domain family 3 member Bcg061178551.88 × 10-30.11205200_at1.45 × 10-13-1.79
LTKLeukocyte receptor tyrosine kinasecg274943839.32 × 10-30.12217184_s_at2.14 × 10-11-1.32
207106_s_at2.00 × 10-5-0.75
PPP1R16BProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 16Bcg248347403.56 × 10-120.3741577_at1.76 × 10-4-0.79
212750_at7.68 × 10-3-0.48
PRKAA2Protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2cg068367720.0130.14227892_at4.15 × 10-3-0.87
238489_at4.67 × 10-3-0.22
SFRP1Secreted frizzled related protein 1cg023881503.33 × 10-30.10202036_s_at8.66 × 10-8-1.47
202037_s_at3.98 × 10-5-1.11
202035_s_at0.039-0.28
SYNE1Spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1cg266209591.32 × 10-60.30209447_at4.27 × 10-5-0.63
AD vs N
CEMIPCell migration inducing hyaluronan binding proteincg208280841.33 × 10-9-0.171554685_a_at1.71 × 10-111.12
212942_s_at2.41 × 10-436.88
NT5DC35'-nucleotidase domain containing 3cg064622917.45 × 10-5-0.25218786_at6.83 × 10-90.76
SPATA18Spermatogenesis associated 18cg031031921.39 × 10-7-0.15230723_at4.41 × 10-50.45
229331_at1.20 × 10-101.50
DKK3Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3cg132160579.64 × 10-40.18202196_s_at9.82 × 10-5-0.65
214247_s_at1.52 × 10-4-0.50
PPP1R16BProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 16Bcg248347402.23 × 10-90.3641577_at1.20 × 10-10-1.44
212750_at3.28 × 10-7-0.81
SDC2Syndecan 2cg250706371.82 × 10-50.30212158_at1.74 × 10-10-1.17
212157_at2.14 × 10-8-0.66
212154_at9.19 × 10-5-0.64
SFRP1Secreted frizzled related protein 1cg023881501.20 × 10-70.15202036_s_at3.62 × 10-13-1.79
202037_s_at4.43 × 10-11-1.48
202035_s_at0.016-0.32
SYNE1Spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope protein 1cg266209593.89 × 10-60.29209447_at5.76 × 10-15-1.19
CRC vs AD
CEMIPCell migration inducing hyaluronan binding proteincg208280842.00 × 10-80.14212942_s_at9.88 × 10-3-1.17
SLC28A2Solute carrier family 28 member 2cg193052271.11 × 10-60.14207249_s_at0.027-1.24
SPATA18Spermatogenesis associated 18cg031031926.07 × 10-120.16229331_at3.52 × 10-9-1.73
230723_at7.35 × 10-4-0.41
Table 6 Whole promoter methylation status of genes with inverse age-related CpG site DNA methylation and gene expression data
Gene symbolDNA methylation on age-related CpG site
Whole promoter DNA methylation status
cg IDP valueΔβStart-Stop positionP valueΔβ
CRC vs N
AKT3cg113146844.55 × 10-5-0.16chr1:244005801-2440059006.56 × 10-3-0.33
ERGcg172740641.48 × 10-4-0.11chr21:39871501-398716000.044-0.21
MGPcg004315490.020-0.12chr12:15038501-150386000.030-0.27
CCR10cg095096731.91 × 10-40.11chr17:40835101-408352000.0450.18
chr17:40835201-408353000.0220.26
PPP1R16Bcg248347403.56 × 10-120.37chr20:37433201-374333003.76 × 10-30.35
chr20:37434701-374348000.0480.40
chr20:37435301-374354000.0420.37
SFRP1cg023881503.33 × 10-30.10chr8:41166001-411661000.0170.44
chr8:41166101-411662001.31 × 10-40.56
chr8:41166201-411663003.40 × 10-30.49
chr8:41166301-411664000.0140.27
chr8:41166401-411665001.28 × 10-30.53
chr8:41166501-411666000.0270.44
chr8:41166601-411667000.0340.39
chr8:41166901-411670000.0420.41
SYNE1cg266209591.32 × 10-60.30chr6:152622201-1526223000.0270.35
chr6:152957601-1529577000.0320.39
chr6:152957701-1529578000.0430.40
chr6:152958101-1529582002.86 × 10-40.65
AD vs N
CEMIPcg208280841.33 × 10-9-0.17chr15: 81070701-810708000.028-0.25
SPATA18cg031031921.39 × 10-7-0.15chr4:52915901-529160000.042-0.23
DKK3cg132160579.64 × 10-40.18chr11:12029701-120298003.11 × 10-30.26
chr11:12029801-120299001.67 × 10-30.33
chr11:12029901-120300008.08 × 10-50.56
chr11:12030001-120301000.0470.15
chr11:12030401-120305007.38 × 10-30.28
chr11: 12030501-120306000.0120.28
PPP1R16Bcg248347402.23 × 10-90.36chr20:37434201-374343000.0450.26
chr20:37434601-374347000.0220.39
chr20:37434701-374348000.0130.39
chr20:37434801-374349006.87 × 10-30.30
chr20:37434901-374350001.70 × 10-30.44
chr20:37435001-374351001.93 × 10-30.45
chr20:37435101-374352006.49 × 10-30.35
chr20:37435201-374353008.93 × 10-40.51
chr20:37435301-374354000.0140.42
SDC2cg250706371.82 × 10-50.30chr8:97505901-975060002.30 × 10-30.59
chr8:97506101-975062001.96 × 10-40.65
chr8:97506201-975063008.43 × 10-40.63
chr8:97506301-975064000.0120.49
chr8:97506401-975065000.0190.47
chr8:97506601-975067003.99 × 10-30.51
chr8:97506701-975068000.0210.45
chr8:97506801-975069000.0140.52
chr8:97507101-975072000.0150.44
chr8:97507201-975073000.0100.52
chr8:97507301-975074003.47 × 10-30.59
SFRP1cg023881501.20 × 10-70.15chr8:41165901-411660002.30 × 10-30.59
chr8:41166001-411661001.57 × 10-30.59
chr8:41166101-411662003.54 × 10-40.56
chr8:41166201-411663001.49 × 10-40.60
chr8:41166301-411664006.54 × 10-30.27
chr8:41166401-411665001.32 × 10-50.55
chr8: 41166501-411666002.30 × 10-30.60
chr8:41166601-411667005.45 × 10-30.57
chr8:41166701-411668008.15 × 10-30.51
chr8:41166801-411669000.0320.39
chr8:41166901-411670000.0190.45
chr8:41167001-411671000.0460.34
chr8:41167101-411672000.0250.41
chr8:41167201-411673000.0240.40
SYNE1cg266209593.89 × 10-60.29chr6:152702701-1527028000.0120.20
chr6:152702801-1527029000.0350.21
chr6:152957501-1529576006.05 × 10-40.37
chr6:152957601-1529577002.34 × 10-40.60
chr6:152957701-1529578000.0170.51
chr6:152957801-1529579001.09 × 10-30.42
chr6:152957901-1529580001.03 × 10-40.57
chr6:152958001-1529581007.13 × 10-40.43
chr6:152958101-1529582001.72 × 10-50.72
CRC vs AD
CEMIPcg208280842.00 × 10-80.14chr15:81070701-810708007.59 × 10-40.31
chr15:81070801-810709000.0110.36