Protective effects of terminal ileostomy against bacterial translocation in a rat model of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Table 1 Intestinal mucosal damage grading score

Grade	Histologic characteristics
0	Normal mucosal villi
1	Development of subepithelial Gruenhagen’s space, usually at the apex of the villus, often with capillary congestion
2	Extension of the subepithelial space with moderate lifting of the epithelial layer from the lamina propria
3	Massive epithelial lifting with a few denuded villi
4	Denuded villi with exposed dilated capillaries
5	Digestion and disintegration of lamina propria, hemorrhage, and ulceration

Table 2 Incidence and number of bacterial translocations in tissue and blood samples

Group (n = 8)	Liver		Spleen		Kidney		MLN		Blood
	Incidence	CFU	Incidence	CFU	Incidence	CFU	Incidence	CFU	Incidence	CFU
Sham	0/8	0 ± 0	0/8	0 ± 0	0/8	0 ± 0	0/8	0 ± 0	0/8	0 ± 0
I/R	6/8a	841 ± 206.19a	4/8	33 ± 13.39a	5/8a	261 ± 93.66a	7/8a	49750 ± 10592.70a	5/8a	36 ± 12.25a
I/R + RA	7/8a	1316 ± 236.22a	6/8a	61 ± 15.42a	6/8a	375 ± 88.74a	8/8a	64750 ± 8645.29a	5/8a	38 ± 11.84a
I/R + ileostomy	2/8b	171 ± 112.78b	2/8	12 ± 7.69b	3/8	68 ± 33.42b	3/8ab	4850 ± 2510.19b	2/8	13 ± 5.40

CFU: Colony-forming units; I/R: Ischemia/reperfusion; MLN: Mesenteric lymph nodes; RA: Resection and anastomosis;

^aP < 0.05 vs sham;

^bP < 0.05 vs I/R + RA.

Table 3 Ileal bacterial counts

Groups	Ileal bacterial count (CFU/g)
Sham	82375 ± 10390.48
I/R	528750 ± 204341.28a
I/R + RA	671250 ± 60280.22a
I/R + ileostomy	177750 ± 21987.62b

CFU: Colony-forming units; I/R: Ischemia/reperfusion; RA: Resection and anastomosis.

^aP < 0.01 vs sham;

^bP < 0.01 vs I/R + RA.