Molecular diagnosis and therapy for occult peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer patients

Table 1 List of published studies regarding the molecular diagnosis of peritoneal fluid in gastric cancer

Ref.	Molecule	Technique	Number of patients	Results
Asao et al[30]	CEA	Enzyme immunoassay	120	Correlation with 2-yr survival rate
Irinoda et al[32]	CEA, sialyl-Tn antigen	Enzyme immunoassay	96	Correlation with peritoneal metastasis and prognosis
Abe et al[31]	CEA	Enzyme immunoassay	56	Correlation with peritoneal metastasis and overall survival
Cetin et al[34]	CEA	Enzyme immunoassay	70	Correlation with peritoneal metastasis and overall survival
Kanetaka et al[29]	CEA	Enzyme immunoassay	597	Correlation with overall survival and peritoneal recurrence free survival
Yamamoto et al[33]	CEA, CA125	Enzyme immunoassay	229	Correlation with overall survival and recurrent cites
Li et al[35]	CEA	Radioimmunoassay	64	Correlation with overall survival
Kodera et al[38]	CEA	RT-PCR	189	Correlation with overall survival and peritoneal recurrence-free survival
Wang et al[36]	CEA	RT-PCR	40	Correlation with peritoneal recurrence
Sugita et al[41]	CEA, CK20	RT-PCR	129	Correlation with overall survival and peritoneal recurrence-free survival
Dalal et al[37]	CEA, CK20, survivin, MUC2	RT-PCR	40	CEA had high sensitivity and specificity, while CK20, survivin, and MUC2 showed high false-positive rates
Takata et al[42]	CEA, CK20	RT-PCR	104	Predict peritoneal recurrence
Kodera et al[40]	CK20	RT-PCR	195	Not sufficiently sensitive as CEA
Yonemura et al[39]	MMP-7	RT-PCR	152	Improved the sensitivity for peritoneal dissemination in combination with cytology
Mori et al[43]	Multiple marker	Microarray	179	Correlation with disease-free survival and immunocytochemical cytology
Hiraki et al[52]	Aberrant gene methylation	Methylation-specific PCR	107	Correlation between positive methylation and peritoneal recurrence
Mori et al[56]	Telomerase activity	TRAP assay	46	Some concordance with cytology
Da et al[57]	Telomerase activity	TRAP assay	60	Correlation with high proliferating activity of gastric cancer
Wong et al[62]	Viral tropism	NDV-GFP imaging	30	Higher sensitivity and lower specificity than cytology
Kitayama et al[58]	EpCAM	Flow cytometry	195	Tumor cell/leukocyte ratio reflects peritoneal spread

CEA: Carcino-embryonic antigen; CA125: Cancer antigen 125; CK20: Cytokeratin 20; TRAP assay: Telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay; NDV-GFP: Newcastle disease virus-green fluorescent protein; MUC2: Mucin 2; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.