Current status of function-preserving surgery for gastric cancer

Table 1 Postoperative symptomatic outcomes after pylorus-preserving surgery

Ref.	Procedure	No. of patients	Endoscopic findings (%)				Symptom (%)			Change of body weight (%)
			Esophagitis	Food residue	Bile reflux	Gastritis	Reflux	Fullness	Dumping
Matsuki et al[21], 2012	PPG	433	11	19	3	11	6	2		94
Morita et al[24], 2013	PPG	408	6	28	12	10	6	9	4	92
Ikeguchi et al[25], 2010	PPG	24	35	71			0	4	0	97
	DG-B1	30	26	16			3	10	10	90
Park do et al[26], 2008	PPG	22			0	0	32	32
	DG-B1	17			25	17	46	40
Nunobe et al[27], 2007	PPG	194	6	22	7	12	7	10		93.9
	DG-B1	203	2	13	8	8	6	13		90.2
Tomita et al[28], 2003	PPG	10	0	60		10	0	40	0	94.3
	DG-B1	22	23	18		64	68	18	23	91.3
Yamaguchi et al[29], 2004	PPG	28		61		28	20	44	12	94.6
	DG-B1	58		33		57	27	36	36	91.3
Nakane et al[30], 2000	PPG	25	4	56	4	8	4	35	0	90
	DG-B1	25	8	36	40	68	0	0	4	93

PPG: Pylorus-preserving surgery; DG: Distal gastrectomy; B1: Billroth-I reconstruction.

Table 2 Postoperative symptomatic outcomes after proximal gastrectomy

Ref.	Procedure	No. of patients	Endoscopic findings (%)			Symptom (%)			Change of body weight (%)
			Esophagitis	Stenosis	Food residue	Reflux	Fullness	Dumping
Masuzawa et al[41], 2014	PG-EG	49				18	16	0	87
	PG-JI	32				16	0	0	86
	TG-RY	122				12	3	8	85
Nozaki et al[42], 2013	PG-JI	102	3		32				88
	TG-RY	49	2						86
Katai et al[43], 2010	PG-JI	128	2		9	6		3	88.9
Katai et al[44], 2003	PG-JI	45	0			4		9	88.5
Tokunaga et al[45], 2008	PG-EG	36	30
	short-PG-JI	18	9
	long-PG-JI	22	0
Ahn et al[46], 2013	LAPG-EG	50	32	12
	LATG-RY	81	4	5
An et al[47], 2008	PG-EG	89	29	38					86.4
	TG-RY	334	2	7					87.4
Yoo et al[48], 2004	PG-EG	74	16	35
	TG-RY	185	1	8
Tokunaga et al[50], 2009	PG-EG	38				8	3		86
	PG-JI	45				9	22		86
Ahn et al[52], 2013	LAPG-EG	50		8		32			94
	LAPG-DT	43		5	49	5		12	96.3
Nomura et al[53], 2014	PG-JI	10	10			0	30		91.2
	PG-DT	10	10			10	20		87.1

LAPG: Laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy; LATG: Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy; PG: Proximal gastrectomy; TG: Total gastrectomy; EG: Esophagogastrostomy reconstruction; RY: Roux-en-Y reconstruction; JI: Jejunal interposition reconstruction; DT: Double tract reconstruction.

Table 3 Comparison of the reconstruction methods after proximal gastrectomy

	PG-EG	PG-JI	PG-DT
Advantage	Short operation time	Low incidence of reflux esophagitis	Low incidence of reflux esophagitis
			Low incidence of DGE
Disadvantage	High incidence of reflux esophagitis	Long operation time	Long operation time
	High incidence of anastomotic stenosis	High incidence of DGE	Sometimes difficult for endoscopic evaluation of remnant stomach

PG: Proximal gastrectomy; EG: Esophagogastrostomy reconstruction; JI: Jejunal interposition reconstruction; DT: Double tract reconstruction; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying.