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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2014; 20(35): 12420-12430
Published online Sep 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i35.12420
Table 1 Early onset colorectal cancer: Comparison of published studies
AuthorYearPatient ageYoug onset CRC/overall CRC n (%)5-yr survivalTumour siteAdvanced stageAdverse histological features (mucinous and poorly differentiated)
Lee et al[24]1994< 4062/2000Dukes C 40%Not specified71%1Not specified
-3.1Dukes D 7%
Fante et al[25]1997< 4014/129870%Left sided 63%57%121.4% mucinous
-1.1
Pitluk et al[26]1983< 4031/86122%LeftNot specifiedNot specified
-3.6
Minardi et al[27]1998< 403726%Left 51.3%59%158% mucinous
Domergue et al[28]1988< 4093/260030%Left 74% (rectal 55)80%140% poorly differentiated
-3.6
Palmer et al[29]1991< 40105Left sided63%1Not specified
Behbehani et al[30]1985< 4047 vs 52523%Left sided 58%Not specified26% mucinous
21% poorly differentiated
Parramore et al[20]1998< 4036/418 (8.6)Not specifiedNot specified78%128% poorly differentiated
26% mucinous
Soliman et al[16]1997< 40572/1608 (35.6)Not specifiedRectal > 50%Not specified30.6% mucinous
Yilmazlar et al[17]1995< 4046/237 (19.4)Not specifiedLeft sided 80%76%148%
Isbister et al[21]1990< 40131/2420 (5.4)Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specified
Adloff et al[22]1986< 4032/1037 (3)Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specified
Safford et al[15]1981< 40140/819 (17.1)Not specifiedNot specifiedNot specifiedNot specified
Moore et al[23]1984< 4062/1909Not specifiedLeft sided 58%Not specified32.3% mucinous 98% poorly differentiated
-3.2
Mäkelä et al[18]2010< 4059/127258%Left sided 42%Not specifiedNot specified
-4.6
Torsello et al[19]2008< 4058/134048.9%Left sided 82.7%46.5%214% poorly differentiated
-4.226% mucinous
Chang et al[53]2012< 4055/116053%Left sided 80%63%24% mucinous
-4.7
Myers et al[31]2013< 5049/437Not specifiedLeft sided 62.1%53%212% poorly differentiated
-11.219% mucinous
Table 2 Genetic background of early-onset colorectal cancer: Susceptibility genes and genetic/epigenetic variants
High risk susceptibility genesRelated hereditary syndrome
MLH1Lynch
MSH2Lynch
MSH6Lynch
PMS2Lynch
EpCAMLynch
MUTYHMAP
BMPR1AJuvenile polyposis
SMAD4Juvenile polyposis
PTENCowden
Genetic/Epigenetic variantsRelated colorectal tumour
rs107956681CRC < 50 yr
rs38028421CRC < 50 yr
rs47795841CRC < 50 yr
≥ 1 CCND1 rare variants2multiple adenomas or CRC < 50 yr
LINE-1 hypomethylation3CRC < 50 yr
DNA repetitive elements hypermethylation4CRC < 60 yr
10q22-q23del5Two synchronous CRC at 49 yr of age