Muscovite is protective against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small bowel injury

Table 1 Assessment of small bowel lesions

0	Normal
1	Petechiae
2	Erosion
3	Ulcer (< 3)
4	Ulcer (≥ 3)
5	Other: denuded mucosa and lymphangiectasis

There were 6 categories of small bowel lesions. Each lesion was evaluated and assigned a category. Mucosal breaks included any lesion that appeared as an erosion or ulcer, regardless of perceived size.

Table 2 Characteristics of the subjects undergoing capsule endoscopy

Variable	NSAID-muscovite group	NSAID control group	P value
No. of subjects	16	14	NS1
Age (yr) (mean ± SD)	35.19 ± 15.86	33.50 ± 12.83	NS1
Sex (M/F)	6/10	7/7	NS1
Height (cm)	163.63 ± 7.92	165.71 ± 8.55	NS1
Body weight (kg)	58.63 ± 7.61	57.29 ± 9.91	NS1
No. of mucosal breaks	0.5 ± 1.4	0	NS1

¹Calculated using the Student’s t test; ¹Calculated using the Pearson χ² test. NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NS: Not significant. M: Male; F: Female.

Table 3 Percentage of subjects with mucosal breaks at baseline and post-treatment capsule endoscopy n (%)

	Baseline	Post-treatment	P value1
NSAID-muscovite group	2 (12.5)	5 (31.3)	1
NSAID control group	0.000	10 (71.4)	-
P value1	0.485	0.028

¹Calculated using the Pearson χ² test. NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 4 Number of small bowel mucosal breaks in subjects with at least one break at baseline and post-treatment capsule endoscopy

	Baseline	Post-treatment	P value1
NSAID-muscovite group	0.5 ± 1.4	2.5 ± 5.7	0.270
NSAID-control group	0.000	11.1 ± 13.5	0.005
P value1	0.178	0.015

¹Calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 5 Comparison of injuries observed in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug control group vs the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-muscovite group n (%)

Type of injury	NSAID-muscovite group	NSAID control group	P value1
Petechiae	3 (19)	7 (50)	0.070
Erosion	4 (25)	10 (71)	0.011
Ulcer	4 (25)	8 (57)	0.073
Denuded areas	1 (6)	3 (21)	0.315
Lymphangiectasis	1 (6)	8 (57)	0.004

¹Calculated using the χ² test. NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 6 Classification of small bowel injury severity after treatment n (%)

Severity classification1	0	1	2	3	4	P value2
NSAID-muscovite group	11 (69)	0	1 (6)	3 (19)	1 (6)	0.017
NSAID control group	4 (27)	0	2 (14)	2 (14)	6 (43)

¹Severity classification: 0 Normal; 1 Petechiae; 2 Erosion; 3 Ulcer (< 3); 4 Ulcer (≥ 3);

² Calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Table 7 Number of small bowel mucosal breaks per tertile along the length of the small bowel

	First	Second	Third	P value1
NSAID-muscovite group	0.8 ± 2.7	0.4 ± 1.3	1.3 ± 3.5	0.939
NSAID control group	2.8 ± 4.2	2.4 ± 4.1	5.9 ± 7.4	0.027
P value2	0.021	0.191	0.006

¹Calculated by using the Friedman χ² test;

²Calculated by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.