Case Control Study
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2014; 20(27): 9121-9127
Published online Jul 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.9121
Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between patients with and without spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma n (%)
VariableCase group (n = 89)Control group (n = 171)P value
Age (yr)48.5 ± 11.250.3 ± 11.50.215
Sex (M/F)83/6151/200.206
Diabetes0.626
Yes3167
No864
Hypertension0.030
Yes96
No80165
HBsAg status0.195
Positive82151
Negative720
Liver cirrhosis< 0.001
Yes7399
No1672
Child-Pugh classification0.148
A84159
B512
Tumor BCLC classification0.653
A3168
B58103
Tumor size (cm)8.1 ± 3.16.5 ± 4.20.001
Tumor location1< 0.001
Segment I21
Segments IIand III2016
Segment VI4752
Segments IV,V,VII and VIII20102
Tumor protrudes from liver surface0.138
Yes4570
No44101
Satellite nodule(s)0.288
Yes2945
No60126
AFP (ng/mL)138.5 (1.8, 20181.0)73.8 (2.4, 224492.0)0.102
WBC (× 109/L)5.7 ± 2.55.9 ± 1.80.381
PLT (× 109/L)154.7 ± 71.8147.0 ± 61.30.112
Total bilirubin (umol/L)21.67 ± 3.2513.57 ± 4.330.104
Albumin (g/L)39.18 ± 3.1640.52 ± 3.450.624
ALT (IU/L)55.5 ± 49.060.5 ± 51.00.447
PT (s)13.0 ± 1.513.2 ± 1.50.286
BUN (mmol/L)6.01 ± 0.395.93 ± 1.010.342
Cr (umol/L)71.65 ± 12.5174.72 ± 19.460.179
Types of liver resection0.199
Minor ≤ 3 liver segments70120
Major ≥ 4 liver segments1951
Radical resection0.011
Yes80163
No98
Inflow blood occlusion time (min)15.4 ± 6.915.4 ± 7.00.993
Blood loss (mL)550 (300, 3200)200 (50, 2000)0.011
Blood transfusion (yes/no)38/5129/142< 0.001
Tumor grade (Iand II/III and IV)23/8620/1510.025
30-d mortality1 (1.1)1 (0.6)0.079
Table 2 Multivariate analysis of variables associated with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma
VariableHR95%CI for HRP value
Hypertension0.004
Yes7.381.91-28.58
No1
Liver cirrhosis< 0.001
Yes6.042.83-12.88
No1
Tumor size0.184
≥ 10 cm1.620.80-3.31
< 10 cm1
Tumor locaction1< 0.001
Segments II, III and VI5.032.70-6.37
Other segments1
Table 3 Predictors of survival on multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model in patients with spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma
VariableOverall survival
Disease-free survival
HR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP value
Age1.010.99-1.030.3481.020.99-1.050.097
Liver cirrhosis (yes vs no)1.050.55-2.030.8781.290.54-3.090.566
BCLC stage (stage A vs stage B)1.350.60-3.060.4701.130.41-3.070.817
Tumor size0.960.88-1.060.4560.920.81-1.050.235
Tumor location1.020.59-1.760.9361.240.64-2.420.524
Satellite nodule(s) (yes vs no)0.770.46-1.270.2990.760.39-1.470.413
Blood loss1.001.00-1.000.0851.001.00-1.000.940
Blood transfusion (yes vs no)1.000.51-1.980.9941.120.49-2.590.788
Radical resection (yes vs no)0.320.08-0.610.0150.120.01-0.730.002