Hepatitis C virus reactivation in cancer patients in the era of targeted therapies

Table 1 Association of targeted therapies and hepatitis C virus reactivation

Targeted therapy	Increased HCV viral load	HCV related hepatic flare	Liver function test follow-up	HCV RNA follow-up
Anti-CD antibodies
Rituximab	Yes, in case series	May cause, further studies are needed	Yes	Yes, especially in high risk patients
Alemtuzumab	Yes, in one case report	Yes, in one case report	Yes	Yes
Brentuximab	No data in literature	No data in literature	No	No
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors:
Imatinib	HBV reactivation in CML patients, insufficient data related to HCV	No (possibly in HBV infected patients)	Yes (DIH)	No
Sorafenib	No, on the contrary in some cases sorafenib may have a suppressive effect on HCV viral load	No	No (DIH)	No
Crizotinib	US	US	Yes, may cause dose dependent hepatitis	No
Pazopanib	US	US	Yes (DIH)	No
Lapatinib	No	No	Yes (DIH)	No
mTOR inhibitors:
Everolimus	Maybe (2 cases of HBV reactivation in the literature)	Yes (In phase 3 trial as a side effect)	Yes	No
Anti-Her2 Ab:
Trastuzumab	No	No	No	No
Pertuzumab	No	No	No	No
Anti-EGFR therapies:
Cetuximab	US	US	No	No
Panitumumab	US	US	No	No
Immunomodulating Ab:
Ipilimumab	No (Two cases of HCV infected patients were safely treated)	No	Yes (DIH)	No

Ab: Antibodies; US: Unspecified; DIH: Drug induced hepatotoxicity; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.