Clinicopathological evaluation of duodenal well-differentiated endocrine tumors

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of 11 patients with duodenal neuroendocrine tumors

Patient No.	Location	Age (yr)	Sex	Size (cm)	EUS	Accuracy rate	Depth of invasion	Lymphatic invasion	Venous invasion	LN	Treat	L/D metastasis
1	Bulbs	42	M	0.2	sm		sm	0	0	0	LR	None
2	Bulbs	68	F	0.7	NE		sm	0	0	0	LR	None
3	Bulbs	56	F	1.1	m		sm	0	0	0	LR	None
4	Bulbs	57	F	0.9	sm		mp	0	2	0	SG	None
5	Bulbs	62	M	1.1	sm	7/9 (77%)	sm	0	2	0	SG	None
6	2nd portion	55	M	1.2	sm		sm	0	0	0	PD	None
7	Bulbs	71	M	0.7	sm		sm	0	1	0	LR	None
8	2nd portion	59	M	0.9	sm		sm	0	0	0	EMR	None
9	Bulbs	56	M	0.9	sm		sm	0	1	1 (No. 4 d)	SG	None
10	Bulbs	60	M	0.7	sm		sm	0	0	0	EMR	None
11	Bulbs	54	M	0.7	NE		sm	0	0	0	EMR	None

EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; NE: Not evaluated; LN: Lymph node metastasis; No. 4 d LN: Lymph node metastasis along the right gastroepiploic vessels; sm: Submucosa; mp: Muscularis propria; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; LR: Local resection; SG: Subtotal gastrectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; L/D metastasis: Local/distant metastasis.

Table 2 Pathological findings of 11 patients with well-differentiated endocrine tumor

Patient No.	Location	Size (cm)	Histological type	Depth of invasion	Lymphatic invasion	Venous invasion	Mitotic count (HPF)	Ki67/MIB1 Index (%)	LN	Direct invasion	Treatment
1	Bulbs	0.2	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	LR
2	Bulbs	0.7	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	LR
3	Bulbs	1.1	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	LR
4	Bulbs	0.9	WD	mp	0	2	< 2	< 1	0	0	SG
5	Bulbs	1.1	WD	sm	0	2	< 2	< 1	0	0	SG
6	2nd portion	1.2	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	PD
7	Bulbs	0.7	WD	sm	0	1	< 2	< 1	0	0	LR
8	2nd portion	0.9	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	EMR
9	Bulbs	0.9	WD	sm	0	1	< 2	< 1	1 (No. 4 d)	0	SG
10	Bulbs	0.7	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	EMR
11	Bulbs	0.7	WD	sm	0	0	< 2	< 1	0	0	EMR

WD: Well-differentiated; LN: Lymph node metastasis; No. 4 d LN: Lymph node metastasis along the right gastroepiploic vessels; sm: Submucosa; mp: Muscularis propria; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; LR: Local resection; SG: Subtotal gastrectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; 10HPF (high power field): At least 10 fields (at 40 × magnification) evaluated in area of highest mitotic density.

Table 3 Risk factor without metastasis of duodenal well-differentiated endocrine tumors

Author	n	Risk factor without metastasis of duodenal WDET
Burke et al[6], 1990	99	2.0 cm or less in diameter, no mitotic figures, no invasion of the muscularis propria
Zyromski et al[21], 2001	27	2.0 cm or less in diameter
Mullen et al[11], 2005	24	1.0 cm or less in diameter, submucosal lesions

WDET: Well-differentiated endocrine tumors.