Risk factors for progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure during severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without post-admission progression to hepatic decompensation

Variable	Total (n = 135)	Patients		P-value
		Without progression to HD (n = 92)	With progression to HD (n = 43)
Males	120 (88.9)	82 (88.2)	38 (90.5)	0.7771
Age (yr)	39.1 ± 10.6	36.6 ± 9.4	44.6 ± 11.2	0.0002
LC	62 (45.9)	20 (21.7)	42 (97.7)	0.0001
HBeAg–positive	53 (39.3)	38 (40.9)	15 (35.7)	0.3551
log HBV DNA (copies/mL)	6.7 (5.6, 7.5)	6.9 (5.9, 7.5)	6.3 (4.2, 7.2)	0.0443
Na+ (mmol/L)	137.0 ± 2.9	136.9 ± 3.0	136.9 ± 2.8	0.9272
ALT (IU/L)	680.0 (421.0, 1191.0)	838.0 (495.5, 1333.5)	469.0 (265.5, 725.5)	0.0003
AST (IU/L)	592.0 (313.0, 980.0)	636.0 (369.0, 1212.5)	502.5 (268.5, 760.0)	0.0223
GGT (IU/L)	145.0 (108.0, 223.0)	145.0 (110.5, 221.5)	145.5 (94.5, 225.0)	0.8453
CHE (IU/L)	3.9 ± 1.5	4.3 ± 1.4	3.2 ± 1.4	0.0002
TBil (μmol/L)	174.1 (96.1, 288.7)	153.7 (93.9, 283.5)	160.7 (88.8, 250.5)	0.9323
ALB (g/L)	33.6 ± 4.9	34.4 ± 4.2	31.6 ± 5.2	0.0012
PA (mg/L)	48.0 (35.0, 69.0)	54.4 ± 25.4	49.4 ± 30.5	0.3293
BUN (mmol/L)	3.9 (3.0, 4.6)	3.8 (2.9, 4.4)	4.5(3.3, 4.4)	0.0103
Cr (μmol/L)	74.0 (67.0, 83.0)	74.0 (67.0, 84.0)	73.0 (66.3, 82.0)	0.5573
INR	1.46 ± 0.18	1.45 ± 0.18	1.47 ± 0.16	0.5102
PTA (%)	51.9 ± 5.5	51.6 ± 5.5	52.9 ± 5.5	0.2082
WBC (109/L)	5.2 (3.18, 6.7)	5.4 (3.9, 6.5)	4.7 (3.8, 7.5)	0.6133
PLT (109/L)	120.2 ± 49.1	128.9 ± 49.5	100.9 ± 42.8	0.0022
MELD	17.5 ± 3.8	17.5 ± 3.9	17.3 ± 3.7	0.8302

Data are presented as the mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range).

¹Chi-square test results;

²t-test results;

³U test results. P-value: Patients with post-admission progression to hepatic decompensation vs patients without post-admission progression. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Urea nitrogen; CHE: Cholinesterase; Cr: Creatinine; GGT: Glutamine transpeptidase; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e-antigen; HD: Hepatic decompensation; INR: International standardization ratio; LC: Liver cirrhosis; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; Na⁺: Sodium; PA: Prealbumin; PLT: Platelet; PTA: Prothrombin activity; TBil: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell.