Changing strategies for target therapy in gastric cancer

Figure 1 Structure of ERBB family of receptors. EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; HER: Human EGFR.

Figure 2 Signal transduction cascade through activation of ERBB receptors and schematic diagram of molecular targeting agents where they work. EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; HER: Human EGFR; PLC-γ: Phospholipase C-γ; PKC: Protein kinase C; MEK: Protein kinase kinase; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

Figure 3 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and signal transduction. Binding of ligands to receptors leads to phosphorylation of the receptors by activation of receptor-kinase activity, which leads to subsequent signal transduction. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PLC-γ: Phospholipase C-γ; PKC: Protein kinase C; MEK: Protein kinase kinase; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.