Effect of gingerol on colonic motility via inhibition of calcium channel currents in rats

Figure 1 Effect of 6-gingerol on spontaneous contraction of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle in rats. A: The original electrophysiological data of 6-gingerol on spontaneous contraction; B: The inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol on spontaneous contraction at different concentrations. n = 8, ^bP < 0.01 vs consecutive high concentration group.

Figure 2 Effect of nifedipine on gingerol-induced inhibition in rat colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. A: The original electrophysiological data of nifedipine on gingerol-induced inhibitory effects in longitudinal smooth muscle contraction; B: The statistical diagram of the inhibition. n = 6, ^bP < 0.01 vs gingerol group.

Figure 3 Time dependency of the effect that 6-gingerol acts on I_Ba in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle in rats. A: Raw traces of I_Ba at 0 mV; B: Peak responses of I_Ba at 0 mV normalized and averaged for cells exposed to 6-gingerol.

Figure 4 Effect of 6-gingerol on IBa in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle in rats. A: Raw traces of IBa elicited by step pulse and I-V relationship of IBa when cell was exposed to 6-gingerol; B: The inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol at different concentrations. n = 8, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group; ^dP < 0.01 vs consecutive high concentration group.

Figure 5 Steady state activation and the steady state inactivation curves. A: Steady state activation for the cells exposed to 6-gingerol, peak conductance was determined from the peak inward currents, corrected for the change in driving force at each of the test potentials and normalized to 1. Driving force was obtained from the difference between the test potential and the observed reversal potential; B: Steady state inactivation relationship. Peak currents were obtained using a two-pulse protocol (3.75 s of prepulse potential from -100 to +40 mV) followed by a 7-ms interpulse interval at -60 mV, and the membrane potential was raised to a test potential of 0 mV for 1 s. The difference between peak current and late current present before and at the end of the test pulse was normalized to 1 and plotted against the prepulse potential.