Current and future molecular diagnostics in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma

Figure 1 Adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer formation. This is a simplified presentation of colorectal cancer tumourigenesis. The true carcinogenesis progress of colorectal cancer is much more complicated.

Figure 2 Genetic instability pathways that drive colorectal cancer development.

Figure 3 Principle of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.

Figure 4 Principle of Taqman real time polymerase chain reaction. R: Reporter; Q: Quencher.

Figure 5 Principle of stem-loop primers. R: Reporter; Q: Quencher; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.