Perioperative intensive insulin therapy using artificial endocrine pancreas in patients undergoing pancreatectomy

Figure 1 Pathophysiology of pancreatogenic diabetes according to published reports[10-14].

Figure 2 STG-22, a bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas system with closed-loop.

Figure 3 Continuous blood glucose levels over 72 h in 10 dogs after total pancreatectomy[22].

Figure 4 Postoperative blood glucose levels in the sliding scale (n = 13) and artificial pancreas (n = 17) groups during the first 18 h following pancreatectomy[38]. Significant statistical difference (^aP < 0.05).

Figure 5 Blood glucose concentration during and after total pancreatectomy in a middle-aged female patient. Blood glucose is shown by the black line. The insulin infusion rate (light grey line) increased according to the increase in glucose concentration. A: Beginning of surgery; B: Wound closure; C: Beginning of parenteral nutrition in ICU; D: Beginning of combined enteral and parenteral nutrition; GIR: Glucose infusion rate; IIR: Insulin infusion rate.

Figure 6 Histogram depicting the range and cumulative time for the blood glucose concentration of a middle-aged female who underwent total pancreatectomy.