Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 14, 2025; 31(30): 109863
Published online Aug 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i30.109863
Association of triglyceride-glucose index with long-term prognosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy and targeted therapy
Geng-Chen Li, Zhi-Yuan Yao, Hong-Sen Mao, Zheng-Xiang Han
Geng-Chen Li, Zhi-Yuan Yao, Zheng-Xiang Han, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
Hong-Sen Mao, Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Jiawang District of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
Co-first authors: Geng-Chen Li and Zhi-Yuan Yao.
Co-corresponding authors: Hong-Sen Mao and Zheng-Xiang Han.
Author contributions: Li GC and Yao ZY were responsible for the methodology of this study, and took part in the data curation of this study; Li GC, Yao ZY, Mao HS, and Han ZX contributed to the conceptualization, writing-review and editing of this manuscript; Li GC contributed to the formal analysis of this manuscript and the visualization of this article; Li GC, Yao ZY, and Mao HS took part in the writing-original draft and investigation of this manuscript; Li GC, Yao ZY, and Han ZX contributed to the project administration and the supervision of this manuscript; Yao ZY and Mao HS were responsible for the validation of this manuscript; Li GC and Han ZX took part in the resources; Mao HS and Han ZX were involved in the supervision of this study. Li GC and Yao ZY contributed equally to this manuscript, they are co-first authors of this manuscript. Han ZX and Mao HS contributed equally to this manuscript, they are co-corresponding authors of this study.
Institutional review board statement: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Approval No. XYFY2022-KL481-01) and adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
Informed consent statement: Given the retrospective design of this investigation, the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University granted us an exemption from obtaining written informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The datasets used and analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Zheng-Xiang Han, PhD, Professor, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China. xzpxlgc@163.com
Received: May 26, 2025
Revised: June 4, 2025
Accepted: July 17, 2025
Published online: August 14, 2025
Processing time: 75 Days and 19.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Primary liver cancer ranks among the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Although combination therapies have improved treatment options, overall prognosis remains unsatisfactory. The triglyceride-glucose index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has recently been associated with tumor progression and immune modulation. This retrospective study evaluates the prognostic significance of the triglyceride-glucose index in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy, offering insights into its potential role in risk stratification and clinical decision-making.