Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2017; 23(12): 2141-2148
Published online Mar 28, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2141
Effect of a poloxamer 407-based thermosensitive gel on minimization of thermal injury to diaphragm during microwave ablation of the liver
Li-Li Zhang, Gui-Min Xia, Yu-Jiang Liu, Rui Dou, John Eisenbrey, Ji-Bin Liu, Xiao-Wei Wang, Lin-Xue Qian
Li-Li Zhang, Yu-Jiang Liu, Rui Dou, Lin-Xue Qian, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
Gui-Min Xia, Xiao-Wei Wang, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100054, China
John Eisenbrey, Ji-Bin Liu, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
Author contributions: Xia GM and Qian LX contributed equally to this work; Zhang LL, Xia GM, Qian LX designed the research, analyzed the data, wrote and revised the paper; Zhang LL, Liu YJ, Dou R and Wang XW performed the research; Eisenbrey J and Liu JB revised the paper; all the authors approved the final draft for submission.
Supported by the Clinical-Basic Cooperation Program from Capital Medical University, No. 15JL10; the National Key Research and Development Program, No. 2016YFA0201504; and the Beijing Training Project For The Leading Talents in S & T, No. Z14110700154002.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University (IACUC No. 15-4003).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors alone are responsible for the paper. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code and dataset available from the corresponding author at qianlinxue2002@163.com.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Lin-Xue Qian, Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yong’an Road 95, Beijing 100050, China. qianlinxue2002@163.com
Telephone: +86-10-63138576 Fax: +86-10-83165944
Received: December 12, 2016
Peer-review started: December 13, 2016
First decision: January 10, 2017
Revised: January 21, 2017
Accepted: February 16, 2017
Article in press: February 17, 2017
Published online: March 28, 2017
Core Tip

Core tip: Collateral thermal damage is the most common complication of microwave ablation. Conventional liquids can move away and be absorbed quickly, proving difficult to get a good separation effect. This study aimed to assess the insulating effect of a poloxamer 407 (P407)-based thermosensitive gel during microwave ablation of the liver adjacent to the diaphragm. We prepared serial dilutions of P407, and 22.5% (w/w) concentration was identified as suitable for ablation procedures. The 22.5% P407 effectively protected the diaphragm during microwave ablation of the liver, and was superior to 5% dextrose in water and 0.9% saline.