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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2016; 22(11): 3196-3201
Published online Mar 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3196
Published online Mar 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3196
Predictors of re-bleeding after endoscopic hemostasis for delayed post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding
Mu-Hsien Lee, Yung-Kuan Tsou, Cheng-Hui Lin, Ching-Song Lee, Nai-Jen Liu, Kai-Feng Sung, Hao-Tsai Cheng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
Author contributions: Tsou YK designed research and analyzed data; Lin CH, Lee CS, Liu NJ, Sung KF and Cheng HT performed research and contributed analytic tools; Lee MH wrote the paper and analyzed data.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Hospital.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no financial disclosures to declare and no conflicts of interest to report.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at flying@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Yung-Kuan Tsou, MD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. flying@adm.cgmh.org.tw
Telephone: +886-3-3281200 Fax: +886-3-3272236
Received: July 21, 2015
Peer-review started: July 30, 2015
First decision: September 29, 2015
Revised: October 30, 2015
Accepted: December 30, 2015
Article in press: December 30, 2015
Published online: March 21, 2016
Peer-review started: July 30, 2015
First decision: September 29, 2015
Revised: October 30, 2015
Accepted: December 30, 2015
Article in press: December 30, 2015
Published online: March 21, 2016
Core Tip
Core tip: Re-bleeding occurs in about one-fifth of patients after initial successful endoscopic hemostasis for delayed post-ES bleeding. Predictors of re-bleeding has not been studied. Our study reveals malignant biliary stricture, serum bilirubin level of greater than 10 mg/dL, initial bleeding severity, and bleeding diathesis were significant predictors of re-bleeding. These patients often require multiple endoscopic treatments, transarterial embolization or surgery to control the bleeding.