Meta-Analysis
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World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2013; 19(46): 8780-8788
Published online Dec 14, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8780
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis
Xiao-Hua Ye, Jia-Ping Huai, Jin Ding, Yan-Ping Chen, Xue-Cheng Sun
Xiao-Hua Ye, Jin Ding, Yan-Ping Chen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
Jia-Ping Huai, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang Province, China
Xue-Cheng Sun, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Ye XH and Huai JP designed the study, collected, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; Ding J provided analytic tools; Chen YP contributed to the discussion; Sun XC helped to collect data and revise the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Dr. Xue-Cheng Sun, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. sxcheng1979@163.com
Telephone: +86-577-88069257 Fax: +86-577-88068257
Received: August 13, 2013
Revised: October 4, 2013
Accepted: October 13, 2013
Published online: December 14, 2013
Core Tip

Core tip: Little is known about the etiology of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) because of its rarity and high fatality. Smoking and alcohol consumption are potential risk factors for ECC development. However, reported relations between these two risk factors and ECC are conflicting. Our meta-analysis identified a positive association between smoking and the risk of ECC. The association between alcohol consumption and the risk of ECC was positive but not significant. Further investigations are required.