Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2018; 24(26): 2818-2832
Published online Jul 14, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i26.2818
Biomarkers of gastric cancer: Current topics and future perspective
Tasuku Matsuoka, Masakazu Yashiro
Tasuku Matsuoka, Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
Masakazu Yashiro, Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
Author contributions: Matsuoka T conducted the literature search, drafted the initial manuscript, critically reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; Yashiro M critically reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are not any financial or other interests with regard to the submitted manuscript that might be construed as a conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Tasuku Matsuoka, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. m4808279@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-6-66453838 Fax: +81-6-66466450
Received: April 5, 2018
Peer-review started: April 6, 2018
First decision: April 19, 2018
Revised: May 19, 2018
Accepted: June 2, 2018
Article in press: June 2, 2018
Published online: July 14, 2018
Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types in the world and an aggressive disease with a poor 5-year survival. This cancer is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with a poorly understood carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Although the incidence is declining, the outcome of patients with GC remains dismal. Thus, the detection at an early stage utilizing useful screening approaches, selection of an appropriate treatment plan, and effective monitoring is pivotal to reduce GC mortalities. Identification of biomarkers in a basis of clinical information and comprehensive genome analysis could improve diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review summarized the current status and approaches in GC biomarker, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis, accurate prediction of therapeutic approaches and discussed the future perspective based on the molecular classification and profiling.

Keywords: Biomarkers, Ccancer diagnosis, Prognostic marker, Predictive marker, Gastric cancer

Core tip: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common leading causes of cancer death in the world. Hence, any effort in early diagnosis, choice of appropriate therapeutic strategies and efficient monitoring can have a pivotal role in reducing the disease related mortalities. Our review purpose the current trends in GC biomarker which are classified as pathologic signaling, genetic or epigenetic changes within the tumor tissue as well as non-invasive biomarkers such as blood or gastric juice based markers. These biomarkers could facilitate more individualized treatment approaches.