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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2014; 20(14): 3804-3824
Published online Apr 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3804
Proteomics for discovery of candidate colorectal cancer biomarkers
Paula Álvarez-Chaver, Olalla Otero-Estévez, María Páez de la Cadena, Francisco J Rodríguez-Berrocal, Vicenta S Martínez-Zorzano
Paula Álvarez-Chaver, Unidad de Proteómica, Servicio de Determinación Estructural, Proteómica y Genómica, Centro de Apoyo Científico y Tecnológico a la Investigación, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
Olalla Otero-Estévez, María Páez de la Cadena, Francisco J Rodríguez-Berrocal, Vicenta S Martínez-Zorzano, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
Author contributions: Álvarez-Chaver P and Martínez-Zorzano VS designed this review; Álvarez-Chaver P, Otero-Estévez O, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ and Martínez-Zorzano VS contributed equally to the writing of this manuscript.
Supported by Xunta de Galicia (10PXIB310215PR), REGICC (CN 2012/217), Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (GCB13131592CAST), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI12/00117) and FEDER founding
Correspondence to: Vicenta S Martínez-Zorzano, PhD, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain. vzorzano@uvigo.es
Telephone: +34-986-812575 Fax: +34-986-812556
Received: October 25, 2013
Revised: January 24, 2014
Accepted: March 8, 2014
Published online: April 14, 2014
Processing time: 170 Days and 18 Hours
Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe and other Western countries, mainly due to the lack of well-validated clinically useful biomarkers with enough sensitivity and specificity to detect this disease at early stages. Although it is well known that the pathogenesis of CRC is a progressive accumulation of mutations in multiple genes, much less is known at the proteome level. Therefore, in the last years many proteomic studies have been conducted to find new candidate protein biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and as therapeutic targets for this malignancy, as well as to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis. An important advantage of the proteomic approaches is the capacity to look for multiple differentially expressed proteins in a single study. This review provides an overview of the recent reports describing the different proteomic tools used for the discovery of new protein markers for CRC such as two-dimensional electrophoresis methods, quantitative mass spectrometry-based techniques or protein microarrays. Additionally, we will also focus on the diverse biological samples used for CRC biomarker discovery such as tissue, serum and faeces, besides cell lines and murine models, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, and summarize the most frequently identified candidate CRC markers.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Serum; Tissue; Proteins; Biomarkers; Proteomics; Protein identification; Mass spectrometry

Core tip: Proteomics is an important tool for the identification of candidate cancer biomarkers since it allows the simultaneous analysis of multiple differentially expressed proteins in a single study. This review provides an overview of recent reports focused on the different proteomic tools used for the discovery of candidate protein markers for colorectal cancer (CRC), such as two-dimensional electrophoresis methods, quantitative mass spectrometry-based techniques or protein microarrays. We also emphasize the use of different samples including cell lines, murine models, clinical samples as tissue, serum or faeces, for CRC biomarker discovery, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, and finally summarize the candidate CRC markers most frequently identified.