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World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2008; 14(12): 1810-1811
Published online Mar 28, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.1810
Colorectal cancer risk in Crohn’s disease
Hugh James Freeman
Hugh James Freeman, Department of Medicine (Gastro-enterology), University of British Columbia, UBC Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Author contributions: Freeman HJ solely contributed to this paper.
Correspondence to: Dr. Hugh Freeman, Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of British Columbia, UBC Hospital, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1W5, Canada. hugfree@shaw.ca
Telephone: +1-604-8227216
Fax: +1-604-8227236
Received: January 3, 2008
Revised: February 18, 2008
Published online: March 28, 2008
Abstract

There is recognized increased risk for colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in long-standing and extensive ulcerative colitis. There also appears to be an increased rate of intestinal cancer in Crohn’s disease, including both colon and small bowel sites. In Crohn’s disease, evidence suggests that detection of colorectal cancer may be delayed with a worse prognosis. Some risk factors for cancer in Crohn’s disease include the extent of inflammatory change within the colon and the presence of bypassed or excluded segments, including rectal “stump” cancer. In addition, the risk for other types of intestinal neoplasms may be increased in Crohn’s disease, including lymphoma and carcinoid tumors. Earlier detection of colorectal cancer based on colonoscopy screening and surveillance may be achieved but, to date, this has not translated into a positive survival benefit. Moreover, newer staining methods and evolving micro-endoscopic techniques show promise, but have not significantly altered management. Future research should focus on development of molecular or other bio-markers that might predict future dysplasia or cancer development in Crohn’s disease.

Keywords: Colon cancer; Crohn’s disease; Surveillance; Small bowel cancer