• SSEA‐1
• endometrial epithelium
• endometrial stem/progenitor cells
• endometrium
• regeneration

• Humans
• Female
• Endometrium/metabolism
• Endometrium/cytology
• Endometrium/physiology
• Stem Cells/metabolism
• Stem Cells/cytology
• Epithelial Cells/metabolism
• Epithelial Cells/cytology
• Regeneration/physiology
• Homeostasis/physiology
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens/metabolism
• Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens/genetics
• Cell Proliferation
• Lewis X Antigen/metabolism
• Lewis X Antigen/genetics
• Transcriptome

• MR/V007238/1 UKRI | Medical Research Council (MRC)
• RG1073 Wellbeing of Women
• RG2137 Wellbeing of Women
• UKRI | Medical Research Council (MRC)
• Wellbeing of Women

• COVID-19
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary Fibrosis
• SARS-CoV-2
• Tomography

• Humans
• COVID-19/diagnostic imaging
• COVID-19/complications
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Aged
• Risk Factors
• SARS-CoV-2
• Lung/diagnostic imaging
• Lung/pathology
• Tertiary Care Centers
• Adult
• Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnostic imaging

• Humans
• Hemangiosarcoma/diagnosis
• Hemangiosarcoma/drug therapy
• Indoles/therapeutic use
• Quinolines/therapeutic use
• Heart Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Heart Neoplasms/drug therapy

• No.82070425 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• No. 2042021kf0159 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered to be higher grade, more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer. Discover biomarkers in TNBC for risk stratification and treatments that improve prognosis are in dire need.

Clinical data of 195 patients with triple negative breast cancer confirmed by pathological examination and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were collected. The expression levels of EGFR and CK5/6 were measured before and after NAC, and the relationship between EGFR and CK5/6 expression and its effect on prognosis of chemotherapy was analyzed.

The overall response rate (ORR) was 86.2% and the pathological complete remission rate (pCR) was 29.2%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cT (clinical Tumor stages) stage was an independent factor affecting chemotherapy outcome. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed pCR, chemotherapy effect, ypT, ypN, histological grades, and post- NAC expression of CK5/6 significantly affected prognosis. The prognosis of CK5/6-positive patients after NAC was worse than that of CK5/6-negative patients (p=0.036). Changes in CK5/6 and EGFR expression did not significantly affect the effect of chemotherapy, but changes from positive to negative expression of these two markers are associated with a tendency to improve prognosis.

For late-stage triple negative breast cancer patients receiving NAC, patients who achieved pCR had a better prognosis than those with non- pCR. Patients with the change in expression of EGFR and CK5/6 from positive to negative after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicted a better prognosis than the change from negative to positive group.

• CK5/6
• EGFR
• clinical pathological response
• prognosis
• triple-negative breast cancer

• Androgen receptor antagonist
• GT0918
• Metastasis breast cancer
• Phase I clinical trial
• Preclinical data
• Proxalutamide

The availability of transcriptome data and clinical annotation offers the opportunity to identify prognosis biomarkers in cancer. However, efficient online prognosis analysis tools are still lacking. Herein, we developed a user-friendly web server, namely Online consensus Survival analysis of leiomyosarcoma (OSlms), to centralize published gene expression data and clinical datasets of leiomyosarcoma (LMS) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). OSlms comprises of a total of 268 samples from three independent datasets, and employs the Kaplan Meier survival plot with hazard ratio (HR) and log rank test to estimate the prognostic potency of genes of interests for LMS patients. Using OSlms, clinicians and basic researchers could determine the prognostic significance of genes of interests and get opportunities to identify novel potential important molecules for LMS. OSlms is free and publicly accessible at http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/LMS/LMSList.jsp.

• database
• leiomyosarcoma
• prognostic
• survival analysis
• web server

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. In addition to environmental, socioeconomic, and dietary factors, hereditary factors also play an important role in the development of gastric cancer. Although some driver genes have been identified in gastric cancer, the molecular compositions of gastric cancer have not been fully understood. Genome-wide association studies, copy number variations and next-generation sequencing provide systematic methods to identify all genetic alterations in the cancer genome, especially in the field of mutation detection. Here we make a brief review of the current status of research on gastric cancer genetics.

• Gastric cancer
• Genetic studies
• Genome-wide association studies
• Copy number variations
• Next-generation sequencing

• IFNγ
• MDSCs
• MSI colon cancer
• MSS colon cancer
• PD-L1
• T cells

Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare. Given the paucity of randomized trials, treatment is generally extrapolated from female breast cancer guidelines.

This is a retrospective analysis of all male patients presenting with MBC at the Department of Oncology at University Federico II of Naples between January 1989 and January 2014. We recorded the following data: baseline characteristics (age, height, weight, body mass index, risk factors, family history), tumor characteristics (side affected, stage, histotype, hormonal and HER2 status, and Ki-67 expression), treatment (type of surgery, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and/or radiotherapy), BRCA1/2 mutation status (if available), other tumors, and long-term survival.

Forty-seven patients were analyzed. Median age was 62.0 [55.0–72.0]. Among risk factors, obesity and family history of breast cancer were associated with 21 % and 30 % of MBC cases, respectively. The majority of tumors were diagnosed at an early stage: stage I (34.0 %) and stage II (44.7 %). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histologic subtype (95.8 %). Hormone receptors were generally positive (88.4 % of cases were Estrogen receptor [ER] positive and 81.4 % Progesteron receptor [PgR] positive). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was positive in 26.8 % of cases; 7.0 % of MBCs were triple negative. The tumor had high proliferation index (Ki67 ≥ 20 %) in 64.7 %. Surgery was predominantly mastectomy (85.1 %), whereas quadrantectomy was performed in 14.9 % of patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 70.7 % of patients, endocrine therapy to 90.2 %, trastuzumab to 16.7 % and radiotherapy to 32.6 %. BRCA status was available for 17 patients: 10 wild-type, 1 BRCA1 carrier, 5 BRCA2 carriers, 1 unknown variant sequence. The overall estimated long-term survival was about 90 % at 5 years, 80 % at 10 years and 70 % at 20 years. Patients carrying a BRCA mutation had a significantly lower survival than patients with wild-type BRCA (p = 0.04).

Long-term survival was high in MBC patients referred to our clinical unit. Survival was poorer in BRCA-mutated patients than in patients with wild-type BRCA.

• BRCA mutations
• Male breast cancer
• Survival

AIM: To assess the prognostic value of c-Met status in colorectal cancer.

METHODS: We conducted a search in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library covering all published papers up to July 2014. Only studies assessing survival in colorectal cancer by c-Met status were included. This meta-analysis was performed by using STATA11.0.

RESULTS: Ultimately, 11 studies were included in this analysis. Meta-analysis of the hazard ratios (HR) indicated that patients with high c-Met expression have a significantly poorer overall survival (OR) (HR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.06-1.59) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.03-1.91). Subgroup analysis showed a significant association between high c-Met expression and poorer overall survival in the hazard ratio reported (HR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.08-1.74).

CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis indicated that high c-Met expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

• Colorectal cancer
• Prognosis
• c-Met
• Meta-analysis
• Overall survival

• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
• Disease-Free Survival
• Humans
• Odds Ratio
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
• Risk Factors
• Signal Transduction
• Time Factors
• Up-Regulation

The process of carcinogenesis is tightly regulated by antioxidant enzymes and matrix degrading enzymes, namely, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen, proteoglycan, laminin, elastin and fibronectin is considered to be the prerequisite for tumor invasion and metastasis. MMPs can degrade essentially all of the ECM components and, most MMPs also substantially contribute to angiogenesis, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Hence, MMPs are important regulators of tumor growth both at the primary site and in distant metastases; thus the enzymes are considered as important targets for cancer therapy. The implications of MMPs in cancers are no longer mysterious; however, the mechanism of action is yet to be explained. Herein, our major interest is to clarify how MMPs are tied up with gastrointestinal cancers. Gastrointestinal cancer is a variety of cancer types, including the cancers of gastrointestinal tract and organs, i.e., esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The activity of MMPs is regulated by its endogenous inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) which bind MMPs with a 1:1 stoichiometry. In addition, RECK (reversion including cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs) is a membrane bound glycoprotein that inhibits MMP-2, -9 and -14. Moreover, α2-macroglobulin mediates the uptake of several MMPs thereby inhibit their activity. Cancerous conditions increase intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial dysfunction leading to altered protease/anti-protease balance. ROS, an index of oxidative stress is also involved in tumorigenesis by activation of different MAP kinase pathways including MMP induction. Oxidative stress is involved in cancer by changing the activity and expression of regulatory proteins especially MMPs. Epidemiological studies have shown that high intake of fruits that rich in antioxidants is associated with a lower cancer incidence. Evidence indicates that some antioxidants inhibit the growth of malignant cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the activity of MMPs. This review is discussed in six subchapters, as follows.

• Gastrointestinal cancer
• Matrix metalloproteinase
• Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases
• Reactive oxygen species
• Antioxidants

AIM: To assess the effect of cisplatin implantation on human gastric carcinoma xenograft growth and tumor expression of SYK and HER2 in nude mice, and to discuss the mechanism of action of sustained-release cisplatin.

METHODS: A xenograft model of human gastric carcinoma was established by subcutaneous injection of SGC7901 cells in Balb/c nude mice. The mice were then randomly divided into four groups to receive intravenous injection of PBS (group A), intravenous injection of cisplatin (group B), intratumor injection of cisplatin (group C), and implantation of cisplatin (group D). After drug intervention, tumor weight and tumor inhibition rate were measured. Tumor tissues were observed after HE staining. Expression of SYK/HER2 was detected by immunohistochemsitry. Besides, the cell suspensions prepared from the tumor tissues from the four groups were tested by FCM.

RESULTS: Sustained-release cisplatin could promote apoptosis and suppress tumor growth significantly, and it also could enhance the expression of SYK (group D: 73.42 ± 4.92 vs group C: 30.42 ± 3.92, P < 0.05; group B: 14.14 ± 2.84 vs group A: 5.06 ± 2.96, P < 0.05) and reduce the expression of HER2 (group D: 16.32 ± 4.82 vs group C: 34.82 ± 7.32, P < 0.05; group B: 45.8 ± 6.60 vs group A: 77.34 ± 9.04, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Cisplatin implantation induces tumor cell apoptosis and exerts anticancer function possibly by enhancing the expression of SYK and reducing the expression of HER2.

• Cisplatin implantation
• Gastric cancer
• Nude mice
• Apoptosis
• SYK
• HER2

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a devastating malignant tumor arising from the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. The incidence and mortality of ICC is markedly increasing over the past two decades worldwide, though the cause for this rise in incidence is unclear, thus intensifying the search for alternative etiological agents and pathogenetic mechanisms. Hepatolithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, parasitic infection (Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis), fibropolycystic liver disease, and chemical carcinogen exposure are thought to be the risk factors for ICC. Nevertheless, the majority of ICC patients do not have any of these risk factors, and none of the established risk factors can explain the recent increasing trend of ICC. Therefore, identifying other risk factors may lead to the prevention and early detection of ICC. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the predominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV-endemic areas. This review discusses the evidence implicating chronic HBV infection as a likely etiology of ICC and the pathogenetic mechanisms that might be involved.

• Hepatitis B virus
• Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
• Epidemiology
• Etiopathogenesis

• Bile Duct Neoplasms/complications
• Bile Duct Neoplasms/virology
• Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/virology
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
• Cholangiocarcinoma/complications
• Cholangiocarcinoma/virology
• Hepatitis B/complications
• Hepatitis B virus/metabolism
• Humans
• Inflammation
• Liver/pathology
• Liver Neoplasms/complications
• Liver Neoplasms/virology
• Neoplastic Stem Cells
• Prognosis
• Risk Factors
• Stem Cells/cytology
• Trans-Activators/metabolism
• Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
• Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins

AIM: To investigate HER2 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables between proximal and distal gastric cancers (GC) in the Chinese population.

METHODS: Immunostaining of HER2 was performed and scored on a scale of 0-3 in 957 consecutive GC cases, according to the revised scoring criteria of HercepTest^TM as used in the ToGA trial. Correlations between HER2 expression and clinicopathologic variables of proximal (n = 513) and distal (n = 444) GC were investigated.

RESULTS: Our results showed that HER2 expression was significantly higher in the proximal than in distal GC (P < 0.05). Overall, HER2 expression was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.01), the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001), low-grade (P < 0.001) and pM1 (P < 0.01) diseases, respectively. There was a significant difference in HER2 expression among some pTNM stages (P < 0.05). In contrast, HER2 expression in the distal GC was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.001), low-grade histology (P < 0.001), the Lauren intestinal type（P < 0.001), and pM1 (P < 0.001). In the proximal GC, however, higher HER2 expression scores were observed only in tumors with low-grade histology (P < 0.001) and the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: HER2 over-expression in GC of Chinese patients was significantly more common in proximal than in distal GC, and significantly correlated with the Lauren intestinal type and low-grade histology in both proximal and distal GC, and with pM1 disease and male gender in distal GC.

• HER2
• Gastric cancer
• Immunohistochemistry
• Clinicopathology

• Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
• Adenocarcinoma/pathology
• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Biopsy
• Chi-Square Distribution
• China
• Female
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Grading
• Neoplasm Staging
• Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
• Retrospective Studies
• Sex Factors
• Stomach Neoplasms/chemistry
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Up-Regulation
• Young Adult

• ER stress
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• cancer
• cancer therapy
• malignancy
• unfolded protein response