Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2021; 13(12): 1919-1938
Published online Dec 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1919
Unique situation of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt: A review of epidemiology and control measures
Reem Ezzat, Mohamed Eltabbakh, Mohamed El Kassas
Reem Ezzat, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
Mohamed Eltabbakh, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Mohamed El Kassas, Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Cairo, Egypt
Author contributions: All authors equally contributed to this paper with conception and design of the work, literature review, drafting and critical revision, editing, and final approval of the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None related to this work.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mohamed El Kassas, MD, Associate Professor, Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Cairo, Egypt. m_elkassas@yahoo.com
Received: March 12, 2021
Peer-review started: March 12, 2021
First decision: April 6, 2021
Revised: April 17, 2021
Accepted: October 18, 2021
Article in press: October 18, 2021
Published online: December 15, 2021
Core Tip

Core Tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and the fourth most common in Egypt. Many risk factors may lead to the development of HCC, and the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCC in Egypt is an important research area. Major screening programs for HCV in Egypt, such as the national initiative for screening 65 million citizens, have produced high success rates on the way for eliminating the main risk factor for HCC in the country. It is now an appropriate time for principled guidance and screening programs for HCC in Egypt.