Redefining the treatment paradigm for esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors: The emerging role of endoscopic resection

Figure 2 Technique of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection[18]. A: Technique of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection: (1) Tumor associated with the muscular membrane of the esophagus; (2) Injection of saline with indigo carmine into the submucosal layer for the safety of initiating slit and forming of submucosal tunnel; (3) Formation of the submucosal tunnel; (4) Enucleation of the tumor; (5) Tumor removal from the submucosal tunnel using a loop; and (6) Closure of the mucosal defect using endoscopic clips; B: Technique of endoscopic full-thickness resection: (1) Tumor associated with the mucous membrane of the esophagus; (2) Injection of saline with indigo carmine into the submucosal layer for safe dissection; (3) Dissection of the tumor; (4) Tumor removal from the esophageal lumen using a loop; and (5) Mucosal defect after tumor dissection. Citation: Smirnov AA, Burakov AN, Blinov EV, Saadulaeva MM, Semenikhin KD, Prudnikov AV, Dvoretskii SI, Kiriltseva MM, Bagnenko SV. The experience of endoscopic resection of benign tumors of the esophagus. Grekov's Bull Surg 2018; 177: 40-44. Copyright ©The Authors 2018. Published by Izdatel'stvo Meditsina Publishers. The authors have obtained the permission (Supplementary material).