Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease: The new nomenclature and its impact

Table 1 Overall evaluation of the clinical profile and long-term outcome difference between the patients identified as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (also see Supplementary Tables 1-4 for more details on individual study)

Main outcome	Number of studies	Sample	Conclusion
Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis identification in MAFLD terminology change
Steatosis and fibrosis	10	38686 subjects		MAFLD definition is able to capture more subjects with fatty liver disease
				MAFLD group showed either no difference or higher in fibrosis or liver stiffness compared to NAFLD group
Long-term outcome differences in MAFLD terminology change
All cause mortality risks and cause specific mortality	4	183380 subjects		MAFLD is associated with an increased risk of mortality compared to NAFLD
				MAFLD mortality is largely contributed by the presence of metabolic disorders
All cause mortality risks	1	12878 subjects		MAFLD and NAFLD share similar all-cause mortality risk
				MAFLD mortality is hence likely caused by ALD, while NAFLD mortality seems to be caused by metabolic abnormalities
MAFLD and correlation to non-liver diseases
CVD, ASCVD, cardiovascular events	3	2458240 subjects		The risk of CVD is higher in MAFLD compared to NAFLD
				MAFLD is superior over NAFLD in predicting ASCVD risk, contributed by the presence of metabolic risk factors
Clinical and histopathological features of MAFLD
Risk factors, steatosis, advanced fibrosis	9	237679 subjects		T2DM and obesity are significant drivers of MAFLD pathogenesis
				MAFLD patients had higher BMI, LDL-C and prevalence of T2DM as compared to NAFLD patients
				Older age, females and menopausal status are risks factors for developing MAFLD

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; ASCVD: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MAFLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.