In vivo recognition of bioactive substances of Polygonum multiflorum for protecting mitochondria against metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

Figure 10  Effects of Polygonum multiflorum-derived monomer group in liver mitochondria on mitochondrial status in the liver from high-fat diet-fed mice. Mice were administered saline, Polygonum multiflorum-derived monomer groups (30, and 90 mg/kg/d), or resveratrol (18 mg/kg/d). After 3 mo of high-fat diet feeding, mice were sacrificed, and livers were harvested for mitochondrial ultrastructure observations and mitochondrial isolations. A: Mitochondria were assessed by transmission electron microscope (original magnification × 30000; bar = 500 nm); B: Levels of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in isolated liver mitochondria were determined using a commercial kit; C: Levels of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase in isolated liver mitochondria were determined using a commercial kit. Values represent the mean ± SD from six animals. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs the relevant model group. ATPase: ATP synthase; HMG: High-dose Polygonum multiflorum-derived monomer group; LMG: Low-dose Polygonum multiflorum-derived monomer group; MOD: Model; NC: Normal control; RES: Resveratrol.