Liver disorders in COVID-19, nutritional approaches and the use of phytochemicals

Table 1 Tools for malnutrition detection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury

Tool	Target patients	Criteria
MUST	Low weight	Objective criteria:
		Objective measures: weight and height to obtain BMI
		Other measures (optional): ulna length and mid upper arm circumference
		Weight loss in las 3-6 mo
	Obese patients	Subjective criteria:
		Reduced food intake in last 5 d: clinical management, psychological factors
		Weight loss appearance (clothes, jewelry)
NRS-2002	Hospitalized individuals	BMI
		Weight loss within 3 mo
		Reduced dietary intake in last week
NUTRIC score	Hospitalized patients at ICU	Age
		Days hospitalized or in the ICU
		Number of comorbidities
		IL-6 levels (optional)
		APACHE II score
		SOFA score
APACHE II score	Patients at ICU (predicting mortality)	Age
		Temperature
		Mean arterial pressure
		pH
		Heart rate/pulse
		Respiratory rate
		Sodium, potassium levels
		Creatinine
		Acute renal failure
SOFA score	Patients at ICU (estimation of mortality)	PaO2
		FiO2
		Medical ventilation
		Platelets level
		Glasgow Coma Scale
		Bilirubin levels
		Mean arterial pressure or administration of vasoactive agents required
		Creatinine levels
		Is a COVID-19 patient?
GLIM	Individuals at risk in general	Phenotypic criteria:
		Weight loss
		Low BMI
		Loss of muscle mass
		Etiologic criteria:
		Reduced food intake or assimilation
		Presence of disease or inflammation
NRF-NPT	Detection of malnutrition in liver patients disease	Unplanned weight loss in las 3-6 mo
		BMI
		Reduced dietary intake and uncompleted meals

BMI: Body mass index; GLIM: Global Leadership Initiative of Malnutrition; ICU: Intensive care unit; MUST: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool; NRF-NPT: Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool. NRS-2002: Nutrition Risk Screening-2002; NUTRIC: Nutrition risk in the critically ill; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.