Autophagy activation by Jiang Zhi Granule protects against metabolic stress-induced hepatocyte injury

Figure 1 Autophagy was activated by JZG to protect against injury in palmitate-treated cells. A: The expression of ALT in the supernatants of cell cultures was determined by ELISA. HepG2 cells were incubated in culture medium containing PA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mmol/L); B: The expression of ALT in the supernatants of cell cultures was determined by ELISA. HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 mmol/L PA with or without JZG (100 μg/mL) for different time periods (0, 6, 12, 24 or 48 h); C: HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 mmol/L PA for different time periods (0, 12, 24 or 48 h); D: HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 mmol/L PA and rapamycin (2 μmol/L) or JZG (100 μg/mL) for 24 h; E: HepG2 cells were treated with 0.4 mmol/L PA and rapamycin (2 μmol/L) or JZG (100 μg/mL) for 48 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^eP < 0.001. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; JZG: Jiang Zhi Granule; PA: Palmitate.