Effects of sex and generation on hepatitis B viral load in families with hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 3 Association between demographics and hepatitis B virus viral load in 303 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive relatives n (%)

Factor	HBV DNA		OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)1	P value
	≥ 100000 cps/mL	< 100000 cps/mL
Total family members	132	171
Sex
Male	84 (63.64)	79 (46.20)	2.12 (1.34-3.39)	0.0013
Female	48 (36.36)	92 (53.80)
Index sex
Male	99 (75)	121 (70.76)	1.83 (0.69-2.04)		1.17 (0.68-2.01)
Female	33 (25)	50 (29.24)
Age, mean ± SD	40.51 ± 12.18	39.15 ± 10.55	1.01 (0.99-1.03)		1.02 (0.99-1.04)
Relation to index
Child and grandchild	83 (62.88)	128 (74.85)
Parent	7 (5.30)	2 (1.17)	4.77 (1.12-20.31)	0.0348	4.57 (1.15-18.14)	0.0307
Index generation	42 (31.82)	41 (23.98)	1.51 (0.87-2.62)		0.64 (0.36-1.14)
Maternal HBsAg
Negative	33 (25)	51 (29.82)
Positive	61 (46.21)	64 (37.43)	1.55 (0.84-2.87)		1.57 (0.84-2.92)
Unknown	38 (28.79)	56 (32.75)	1.08 (0.57-2.06)		1.20 (0.62-2.33)
Index HBsAg
Negative	12 (9.16)	32 (18.93)
Positive	119 (90.84)	137 (81.07)	2.32 (1.13-4.76)	0.0221	2.47 (1.19-5.15)	0.0158
HBV genotype2				0.0017
N3	2 (1.53)	21 (12.88)	0.11 (0.03-0.44)		0.09 (0.02-0.39)	0.0011
B	97 (74.62)	120 (73.62)
C	31 (23.85)	22 (13.50)	1.71(0.94-3.14)	0.008	1.80 (0.97-3.36)	0.0640

¹Adjusted by sex;

²There are 10 missing HBV genotypes;

³Genotyping failed due to low HBV DNA. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.