Dysregulation of innate immunity in ulcerative colitis patients who fail anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

Figure 2 Basal cytokine production in responders and non-responders compared to healthy controls. The basal expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6), regulatory (IL-10), Th1 (IL-12, IFNγ) and Th2 (IL-5, -9, -13, 17A) cytokines were assessed and compared in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy controls (C) (n = 12) and UC patients who are in remission following anti-TNF therapy, responders (R) (n = 12) and those who failed to respond, non-responders (NR) (n = 12). Results were expressed as mean with 95%CI. The P values represent statistical significance of < 0.05 between the groups denoted. TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin.