Molecular genetics and targeted therapeutics in biliary tract carcinoma

Table 3 Clinical trials of targeted therapeutics in biliary tract carcinoma

Targeted therapeutics	Targets	BTC Subtypes	Treatment regimen	TTP (mo)	PFS (mo)	OS (mo)	Ref.
Erlotinib	EGFR	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Erlotinib	2.6	-	7.5	[60]
Erlotinib	EGFR	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Erlotinib + GEMOX	-	5.8	9.5	[61]
Erlotinib	EGFR	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Erlotinib + Bevacizumab	4.4	-	9.9	[62]
Cetuximab	EGFR	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Cetuximab + GEMOX	-	6.1	11.0	[63]
Panitumumab	EGFR	IHCC, EHCC	Panitumumab + Gemcitabine + Irinotecan	-	9.7	12.9	[64]
Panitumumab	EGFR	IHCC, EHCC	Panitumumab + GEMOX + Capecitabine	-	8.3	10.0	[65]
Lapatinib	HER2, EGFR	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Lapatinib	-	1.8	5.2	[67]
Lapatinib	HER2, EGFR	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Lapatinib	-	2.6	5.1	[68]
Bevacizumab	VEGF	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Bevacizumab + GEMOX	-	7.0	12.7	[71]
Selumetininb	MEK	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Selumetinib	-	3.7	9.8	[73]
Sorafenib	Multiple TKI	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Sorafenib	-	2.3	4.4	[76]
Sorafenib	Multiple TKI	GBC, IHCC, EHCC	Sorafenib + Gemcitabine + Cisplatin	-	6.5	14.4	[77]

EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; GEMOX: Gemcitabine + oxaliplatin; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; MEK: Mitogen-activated kinase kinase; PFS: Progression-free survival; OS: Overall survival; TKI: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TTP: Time-to-tumor progression; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.