Clinical analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after living-donor liver transplantation

Table 3 Differences of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence patterns according to the Milan criteria at transplantation n (%)

Factors	Within Milan (n = 16)	Beyond Milan (n = 38)	P value
Recipient age1	47.4 ± 5.9	53.9 ± 8.1	0.005
Recipient sex, male	13 (81.3)	33 (86.8)	0.682
Etiology, hepatitis B	12 (75.0)	34 (89.5)	0.127
MELD score1	10.9 ± 9.1	12.0 ± 8.2	0.692
GRWR1	1.27 ± 0.20	1.28 ± 0.26	0.919
Pre-transplant locoregional treatment	13 (81.3)	35 (92.1)	0.346
Tumor marker at transplantation
AFP1	213.0 ± 371.8	829.6 ± 2040.7	0.043
HCC characteristics at pathology
Number1	1.2 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 2.0	< 0.001
Maximal tumor size1	2.33 ± 1.10	5.93 ± 4.41	< 0.001
Microvascular invasion	7 (50.0)	23 (63.9)	0.368
E-S grade III-IV	6 (46.2)	19 (54.3)	0.616
Recurrent HCC patterns
Recurrence rates	8.90%	33.60%	< 0.001
Time interval, median (mo) (LDLT-HCC recurrence)	7.0 (1-150)	6.0 (1-46)	0.157
	mean: 24.1 ± 39.5	mean: 11.5 ± 11.9
Single or Multiple			0.735
Single	5 (31.3)	9 (23.7)
Multiple	11 (68.7)	29 (76.3)
Recurrence site			0.555
Intrahepatic	5 (31.3)	7 (18.4)
Extrahepatic	10 (62.5)	27 (71.1)
Both	1 (6.3)	4 (10.5)
Survival after HCC recurrence, median (mo)	12.0 (3-122)	8.0 (1-62)	0.224
	mean: 24.0 ± 33.5	mean: 10.4 ± 10.5

¹Values are shown as mean ± SD except where stated otherwise. MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; GRWR: Graft-to-recipient body weight ratio; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; E-S grade: Edmondson-Steiner grade; LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation.