©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 21, 2015; 21(23): 7074-7083
Published online Jun 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7074
Published online Jun 21, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7074
Table 1 Prevalence and transmission of hepatitis B virus
| Prevalence | High | Intermediate | Low |
| Carrier rate | ≥ 8% | 2%-7% | ≤ 1% |
| Region | Southeast Asia | Mediterranean basin | United States |
| China | Eastern Europe | Canada | |
| Pacific islands | Central Asia | Central Asia | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | Japan | Western Europe | |
| Alaska (Eskimos) | Latin and South America | Australia | |
| Middle East | New Zealand | ||
| Predominant age at infection | Perinatal | Early childhood | Adult |
| Early childhood | |||
| Predominant mode of infection | Maternal to infant | Percutaneous | Sexual contact |
| Percutaneous | Sexual contact | Percutaneous |
- Citation: Tajiri K, Shimizu Y. Unsolved problems and future perspectives of hepatitis B virus vaccination. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(23): 7074-7083
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v21/i23/7074.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7074