Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Recent progress in pathogenesis and management

Table 1 Lugano staging system for gastrointestinal lymphomas

Stage	Definition	Description
Stage I	Tumor confined to gastrointestinal tract	Single primary site or multiple, non contiguous lesions
Stage II	Tumor extending into abdomen from primary gastrointestinal site
	Nodal involvement
	II1 local	Paragastric (gastric cases) or paraintestinal (intestinal cases) nodal involvement
	II2 distant	Mesenteric, paraaoritic, paracaval, pelvic or inguinal nodal involvement
Stage IIE	Penetration of serosa to involve adjacent organs or tissues	Gastrointestinal lesion extending to involve adjacent organs, i.e., penetration, direct invasion, perforation or peritonitis by lymphoma
Stage IV	Disseminated extranodal involvement, or supra-diaphragmatic nodal involvement	Cases with Ann-Arbor stage III disease should be included

Rohatiner et al[31] with modification.